Introduction of new peanut varieties in Taiwan what are the characteristics of Tainan No. 12 and Tainan No. 11 peanuts with good disease resistance?

At present, the variety "Tainan 11" with the largest planting area of peanuts is not Tainan 11, a new rice variety, but Tainan 11, which was bred and promoted in Tainan Field in 1975. It has the characteristics of high yield, large pods and grains, easy artificial harvest and so on. In addition, "Tainan Xuan No. 9", which was developed and promoted by Tainan Field in 1955, has a better flavor than "Tainan 11" and is still very popular in the consumer market. However, the yield of "Tainan Xuan 9" is lower, the pod position is not concentrated, the ovary stalk is stronger, and the manual harvest takes more man-hours, which leads to higher production cost per unit product. Although peanut processors are willing to buy "Tainan Xuan No. 9" at a higher price. Pods are raw materials, but at present, due to the lack of labor in rural areas, farmers are not willing to plant peanut varieties with low yield and not easy to harvest.

In order to take into account the needs of the consumer market and farmers, a new peanut variety "Tainan 12" was bred in Tainan Farm in December 1982. Compared with the varieties commonly planted by farmers at present, "Tainan 12" has a higher yield. because its parents have the genetic background of "Tainan Xuan 9", it should be able to inherit the good processing characteristics of "Tainan Xuan 9". The breeding process, main agronomic characters and matters needing attention in cultivation of "Tainan 12" are described as follows:

1. The suitable parents of Tainan 12 were selected and bred by cross breeding. The female parent Nangai line 128was selected from the hybrid offspring of "Tainan Xuan 9" and American large grain variety "Florigiant". The male parent 75 (2)-3-21 was selected from the hybrid offspring of 74 (4)-1-(F3) and "Tainan Xuan 9". The artificial hybridization was carried out in the spring of 1982, the hybrid progeny was separated and bred by the mixed method from the autumn of 1972 to the autumn of 74, and the strain test was carried out from the spring of 75 to the autumn of 1988. regional trials were conducted in ten sites in the province from spring of 1979 to autumn of 1980.

2. "Tainan 12" has the characteristics of high yield and stability. The results of two-year regional trials in ten experimental areas of the province showed that the average pod yield per hectare was 2905 kg in spring and 2485 kg in autumn. Compared with the current main farmer variety "Tainan 11", the yield increased by 7.3% and 7.4% respectively, and 11.8% and 14.5% higher than that of "Tainan Xuan 9". The weight of 100 pods of "Tainan 12" is about 127-140 grams, and the weight of a thousand seeds is about 530-597 grams, which is lower than that of "Tainan 11", but higher than "Tainan Xuan 9". In addition, "Tainan 12" had the characteristics of high peeling rate, good resistance to leaf spot and rust, erect plant and height suitable for mechanical harvest, no dormancy of seed and difficult separation of ovary stalk from pod.

3. The cultivation method of "Tainan 12" is similar to that of "Tainan 11" and "Tainan Xuan 9". Although peanuts can be planted in spring or autumn in Taiwan, the pod and grain yield of "Tainan 12" in autumn is higher than that in spring, so "Tainan 12" is more suitable for autumn planting in Yunlin and Changhua. Although the degree of leaf spot and rust of "Tainan 12" is slightly lower than that of "Tainan 11", if diseases and insect pests occur during the growth period, it is still necessary to refer to the recommended pesticides and control methods of the "Plant Protection Manual" published by the Department of Agriculture and Forestry. During the growth period, depending on the level of soil water content, 1-3 times of irrigation should be carried out to maintain appropriate soil moisture to ensure its high yield potential and good quality. The seeds of Tainan 12 are not dormant, so if continuous rainfall occurs during harvest, attention should be paid to drainage, otherwise the seeds in the pods are easy to germinate and reduce the quality.

In order to promote the cultivation of the new peanut variety "Tainan 12" for farmers, Tainan Farm, with the subsidy of the Agricultural Committee of the Executive Yuan and the Agriculture and Forestry Department of Taiwan Provincial Government, began to propagate seeds in the spring of 1983, and selected Huwei Town, Yunlin County. Yuanchang Township and Lunbei Township to carry out 1.2 hectares of original seed propagation, it is estimated that more seeds can be produced for farmers to plant in the autumn of 1983.