After 30 years of serious offshore pollution or "no fish to eat"

"if there are still fish to eat 30 years later, protecting the marine ecological environment has become an important and urgent task." On the 27th, an academic exchange meeting on "Ocean and Lake Ecological Security under Global change" sponsored by the China Ocean and Limnology Society was held in Nanjing, where many experts and scholars from all over the country gathered together to make suggestions and suggestions for the protection of the ecological security of China's oceans and lakes.

Ten thousand kilometers of coast has been artificial.

"at present, we have found 120000 species of marine life, but it is estimated that there are as many as 1 million species of marine life. Therefore, there are still 90% of marine life that we do not know, and a fuller understanding of the deep ocean is of great significance to mankind." Sun Song, chairman of the Chinese Society of Marine Limnology and director of the Institute of Oceanography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that at present, major problems faced by marine ecosystems, such as the frequent occurrence of marine ecological disasters and the decline of marine biological resources, are closely related to changes in marine biodiversity.

According to the disclosure of the China Marine Development report in 2011, the coastal port development and port-adjacent industry are basically formed by reclamation, "is forming the situation of blind occupation of the coastline and low-value utilization." "at present, nearly 10,000 kilometers of China's 18000-kilometer coastline has been artificial, with more than half of the artificial coast." Artificial breeding, land reclamation and heavy chemical industry have caused a heavy burden on the ocean. Sun Song said that China is carrying out systematic research on the mechanism of eutrophication and harmful red tide, and related research on the mechanism of jellyfish outbreak should be carried out in the future, which is also an issue of globalization. In recent years, the increase in the number of offshore jellyfish in China has posed a great threat to the security of marine ecosystems. Because of the special status of jellyfish in the marine ecosystem, once the jellyfish becomes the dominant species of the marine ecosystem, it will fundamentally change the structure and function of the whole marine ecosystem. Once such a pattern is formed, it will be difficult to restore, and the key is to take corresponding measures to avoid the formation of this irreparable situation. Sun Song said: "We should pay attention not only to the changes in marine biodiversity, but also to the changes in species and functional groups, such as the imbalance of ecosystems caused by the replacement of food organisms in many sea areas by glial organisms such as jellyfish. Whether the marine ecosystem will undergo structural changes and then affect its service function to human beings should be paid great attention to."

Offshore pollution doubles in ten years

The authoritative international magazine Science has published an article by a research team led by Canadian scientists, pointing out that as overfishing and pollution are accelerating the destruction of the marine ecological environment, if it continues at the current rate, by 2048, these stocks facing fishing will completely collapse, lose fishing value, and people will have no fish to eat.

What is the actual situation? Jin Xianshi, director of the Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, said that at present, problems such as overfishing, reclamation, environmental pollution and climate change do have a serious impact on China's marine ecological environment. Relevant data show that the pollution in China's inshore waters is serious, and the trend of deterioration of ecosystem health in inshore waters has not been fundamentally alleviated. It is mainly manifested in eutrophication and nutrient imbalance, estuarine spawning ground degradation, loss or change of living environment, abnormal biological community structure, and so on. The pollution of the marine ecological environment has had a serious impact on the fishery. According to official test data, the pollution scope of China's coastal waters has nearly doubled in the past 10 years, and red tides have occurred more than 60 times a year. Mangroves, coral reefs, wetlands and other important ecosystems have lost 73%, 80% and 57% respectively. Zhejiang, on the coast of the East China Sea, has become an extinct area of benthos. The resources of the "four major fishing grounds" of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea fishing ground, Zhoushan fishing ground, South China Sea coastal fishing ground and Beibu Gulf fishing ground have dried up, almost exist in name only.

"in the 1990s, China has become the first country in the world where aquaculture production exceeds fishing output. Protecting the marine ecological environment has become an important and urgent task at present. " Kim Hsien-shi said.

Pay as much attention to the ocean as we do to the moon landing.

"the deep ocean is an important part of the earth's climate system, and its movement plays an important role in regulating the earth's climate, water cycle and biogeochemical cycle." Wu Lixin, academician of Ocean University of China, said that over the past half a century, more than 90% of the heat increase in the climate system has been absorbed by the ocean, so the deep ocean has greatly slowed down and delayed the rate of global warming. However, the heat absorption of the deep ocean has changed its heat and fresh water balance, and its dynamic process has also undergone profound changes, which has an important impact on the marine environment, climate, especially extreme climate events.

In recent years, Wu Lixin's team has placed nearly 50 submersible buoys in the South China Sea to observe the internal waves, mixing and deep flow in the ocean, which is a leading technology in the world. Wu Lixin said: with the development of oil and gas fields, combustible ice, and deep-sea diving in the East China Sea and South China Sea, the study of marine dynamic processes not only plays an important role in national security, the development of marine resources, and the protection of the marine environment. it is also more and more closely related to human daily life.

"Climate change in the ocean is different from that on land. We can predict climate change a year or two in advance, or even make an early warning." Wu Lixin said that the study of marine dynamic processes and the exchange of energy between air and sea can improve the level of predicting typhoon disasters. At present, they are promoting a "transparent ocean" research project such as the "moon landing project" to establish a prediction system to predict the temporal and spatial changes of the marine environment, climate, and resources in a specific period of time in the future, paving the way for China to move towards the deep ocean.