Strive to improve the quality of cultivated land and put an end to "ploughing descendants' fields to grow grain in season"

Using less than 10% of the world's arable land and feeding 1/5 of the world's population is not only a great achievement in China's agriculture, but also full of helplessness and hardship. Because of the national conditions of large population and little land, China's agricultural production has always adhered to the model of high input and high output, the long-term high-intensity and overload utilization of cultivated land and other resources, and the "soil productivity" is increasingly overdrawn, highlighting the hidden danger of "ploughing children and grandchildren to grow grain for the season".

The No. 1 document of the Central Committee in 2015 pointed out that it is necessary to shift as soon as possible from extensive management, which mainly pursues output and relies on resource consumption, to paying equal attention to quantity and quality benefits, to improving competitiveness, to agricultural scientific and technological innovation, and to sustainable and intensive development. take the road of modern agricultural development with high output efficiency, product safety, resource saving and environment-friendly.

In 2014, China's total grain output reached 1.2142 trillion jin, achieving a historic "11th consecutive increase". However, behind the bumper harvest of grain in successive years is the over-reliance on material resources such as pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Data show that at present, the use of chemical fertilizers in China has reached 1/3 of the world, and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has exceeded 70% of the world average. Due to the excessive input and improper treatment of these means of production, agriculture has surpassed industry to become the largest non-point source pollution industry in China.

At the same time, long-term "carrying weight" also makes the quality of cultivated land declining, resulting in farmland "harder and thinner". According to Zeng Yande, director of the planting Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, medium-and low-yield fields account for 70 percent of the total cultivated land, and the quality of cultivated land accounts for more than 40 percent.

The increase of grain production should not sacrifice the quality of cultivated land. Document No. 1 made comprehensive arrangements for the demarcation of permanent basic farmland, the overall implementation of the overall plan for the construction of high-standard farmland across the country, the implementation of actions to protect and improve the quality of cultivated land, and the promotion of soil reuse in the cultivated land occupied by construction, reflecting the far-reaching layout of "storing grain in the land."

"unlike industry, agriculture is the most direct ecological industry, and ecological carrying capacity must be taken into account." Zhu Lizhi, a researcher at the Institute of Agricultural economy and Development of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, believes that while paying attention to the production of "above ground", we should also pay attention to the productivity of "underground". Great attention should be paid to the decline of organic matter, the decline of soil physical and chemical properties, and the destruction of soil microbial diversity in some cultivated land, so as to avoid the collapse of underground productivity and leave room for the sustainable development of agriculture.

In order to improve the quality of cultivated land, we should not only pay attention to the land itself, but also need to restore the whole agricultural ecological environment. According to Tang Ke, director of the Science, Technology and Education Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, in the future, China will vigorously promote technical measures such as soil testing and formula fertilization, the integration of water and fertilizer, the unified control of crop diseases and insect pests, and green prevention and control, and strive to achieve zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by 2020. At the same time, basically realize the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure and straw, basically realize the effective recovery and disposal of waste agricultural film, and promote the development of modern ecological circular agriculture.