Developing comprehensive cooperatives can invigorate resources

China Securities News: if radical measures cannot be taken to promote farmers to go to cities, then how to solve the current problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers?

Wen Tiejun: the term "three rural issues" was first put forward by me in the 1990s. It is basically a problem of industrialization in a peasant country with an expanding population and a shortage of resources. The new rural construction emphasized in recent years is actually the policy to deal with the crisis put forward by the central government after the emergence of the contradiction of overproduction and the pressure of deindustrialization, which is called industry back-feeding agriculture and city back-feeding rural areas. The use of radical measures to let farmers into the city, such as buying out the identity of farmers in cash and expropriating farmland on a large scale, means that excess capital is forcibly exchanged for scarce resources, which belongs to the unequal exchange of urban and rural elements. the consequence is the further outflow of the three elements of agriculture, which will lead to more serious "three rural issues".

China Securities News: is it impossible to solve the plight of small farmers?

Wen Tiejun: no. The state of small farmers is difficult to resist natural risks and market risks, and the rural areas in the vast central and western regions have gradually become "hollowed out". In the environment of large household economy in the name of credit cooperatives, supply and marketing cooperatives and farmers' professional cooperatives, for the development of most ordinary villages, there is an urgent need to explore and improve the two-tier management system based on household contract management and under the condition of separation of land rights.

It is a good direction that villagers should be organized with villages as units and comprehensive co-operatives should be built through the mass line. That is, the "three" comprehensive cooperative organizations, the diversity of local social and cultural construction, and the mass line dominated by the party and government serve the sustainable development of the beautiful village as an "integral whole". Specifically, we should take the two village committees as the leading force, proceed from the village resources and the interests of the masses, mobilize capable people and activists in the village, and consciously promote the shareholding of resources like equalization, so as to drive the villagers to join the grass-roots comprehensive cooperation. improving the status of unified negotiations with foreign countries, as well as the relevant social and cultural construction work, will certainly lay a good foundation for the long-term docking between the sustainable construction of the village and the national macro policy.

China Securities News: is there any experience that can be used for reference for the Economic Cooperation Organization?

Wen Tiejun: I quite agree with the Japan, Korea and Taiwan model, which is mainly to establish a comprehensive cooperative system on the economic basis of small farmers. Only in this way can we use the other income of cooperatives in all agriculture-related areas to make up for the lack of income of vulnerable small farmers in the field of agricultural production. In Japan, for example, land reform is almost synchronized with the establishment of comprehensive cooperatives. All capitalized interests in the rural economy, including finance, insurance and real estate, are concentrated in this monopolistic cooperative. The government's preferential conditions are all given to cooperatives and private enterprises are prohibited from entering agricultural land transactions for a long time; at the same time, the government strictly forbids any private capital and foreign capital to enter the rural social and economic field. It ensures that all the economic benefits generated in the rural areas are returned to farmers in a high proportion through comprehensive farmers' cooperatives. This stabilizes the countryside and stabilizes the farmers; it just does not form an American-style ranch.

Over the past 60 years, some people think that "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" have made more than 17 trillion contributions to the country. At present, about 10 trillion has been invested in agriculture, rural areas and farmers, which is only a kind of compensatory investment, and policy support should be further increased in the future. if capital is concentrated on a large scale in rural areas as in cities, rural areas will become as developed as cities.

China Securities News: due to the massive outflow of labor, great changes have taken place in the governance of rural society. Do you have any suggestions for rural construction?

Wen Tiejun: the importance of rural construction is indeed highlighted. As a historical concept, rural construction was born in Chinese society at the beginning of the 20th century. Although the practice of rural construction in different periods is different in form, it has similarities in historical background and comes down in the same line in thought and logic.

The purpose of rural construction is to reshape harmonious social relations and construct a healthy and sustainable social development path. At the same time, rural construction does not conservatively pay attention to the countryside and exclude the city, but take the countryside as the starting point to balance urban and rural development. That is, what Liang Shuming said, "Rural construction is not the construction of the countryside, but the construction of the whole Chinese society."

Today, we emphasize urbanization, urban and rural areas should not be mutually exclusive, nor who should melt whom, of course, urbanization should not occur in rural areas. In the recent coastal "deindustrialization" process, rural talents return to the county small and medium-sized enterprises and urbanization, the corresponding demand for agricultural land system reflects the "retention of rights to leave the soil". At this time, how to establish a village committee and its comprehensive cooperative that can and is willing to maximize the interests of all villagers and dominate rural construction is a great challenge to the deep reform.