Irrigation methods that can be used in Walnut Orchard

Conventional irrigation can be used in    walnut orchard and water-saving irrigation is advocated. The commonly used irrigation methods are border irrigation, pan irrigation, furrow irrigation, hole irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, seepage irrigation and drip irrigation, among which sprinkler irrigation, seepage irrigation and drip irrigation are more advanced water-saving irrigation methods.

   1. Border irrigation, also known as divisional irrigation, is a method of diverting water from the whole tree line of a walnut orchard into several large beds. It is required that the terrain is flat and the water is adequate. This method has the advantages of large wetting range, large amount of irrigation and simple method, but its disadvantage is that it uses a large amount of water and is easy to cause soil consolidation, and it is necessary to loosen the soil in time after irrigation.

   2.Disc irrigation is irrigated by diverting water from the tree disk. Before irrigation, the soil in the plate can be loosened to make the water permeate easily. after irrigation, rake the topsoil, or cover it with grass to reduce water evaporation. The advantages of this method are small amount of irrigation, water saving and little damage to soil structure. However, the scope of soil infiltration is small, which still has the disadvantages of soil consolidation and destruction of soil structure.

   3. Furrow irrigation is a method of trenching and diverting water between rows of walnut trees. It has the advantages of small amount of irrigation, economical use of water, reducing soil ineffective evaporation, high water use efficiency, no soil consolidation after irrigation, and convenient for mechanized farming, but the infiltration area is small.

   4. Acupoint irrigation is to dig a hole on the outer edge of the projection of the crown and pour water into the hole to fill up. The number of holes depends on the size of the crown, generally 812, about 30 cm in diameter, the depth of the hole is not harmful to the thick root, and the soil will be reduced after irrigation. The acupoint irrigation during the dry period can be preserved for a long time without covering the soil. This method is economical in water consumption, has a wide and uniform range of soaking root soil, and will not cause soil consolidation, so it is suitable to be popularized and used in areas where there is a lack of water sources.

   5. Sprinkler irrigation is a semi-automatic irrigation method composed of water source, power pump, water pipeline and sprinkler. Compared with traditional irrigation, water can be saved by 10% to 30%, and the original loose state of the soil can be maintained and the damage to the soil structure can be reduced. Sprinkler irrigation can be combined with foliar fertilizer spraying at the same time, which has the advantages of adjusting orchard microclimate and improving nut quality.

   6. Infiltration irrigation plus straw mulching is one of the effective technical measures for water saving and water conservation in arid orchards, which has the characteristics of labor saving, water saving, low cost, high benefit, easy to use, no evaporation loss, no soil consolidation and so on. The seepage irrigation system includes three parts: a seepage pool, a seepage pipe and a valve. the capacity of the seepage pool is more than 10.3 meters. The seepage pipe is a plastic pipe with a diameter of 2 cm, which is equal to the length of the tree line. About 40 cm apart, 3 needle-sized holes are punched on both sides of the pipe and above. The main pipe is installed on a valve about 10 cm high from the bottom of the pool, and a filter net is installed on the seepage pipe to prevent pipe blockage. One seepage pipe should be buried in each row of the orchard with a row spacing of 3 meters, and two seepage pipes should be buried in the orchard with a row spacing of more than 4 meters. Water continuously seeps into the soil in the rhizosphere through small holes in the plastic pipe.

   7. The water source of drip irrigation forms water droplets or fine water flow through the drip irrigation device, which slowly seeps into the root soil layer. Compared with sprinkler irrigation, this method saves water by about 50%, which is about 1 / 4 ~ 2 times of ordinary irrigation. It can maintain stable soil moisture, maintain soil ventilation in the root zone, save labor, is not restricted by the topography of the garden, and increase production significantly.

Water-saving irrigation methods such as sprinkler irrigation, full irrigation or seepage irrigation can be used as far as possible in walnut orchards with    conditions. Drip irrigation and seepage irrigation can also implement the integration of water and fertilizer, which can be carried out at the same time as topdressing, which saves time and effort, and the effect is good.