The latest course of planting techniques and methods of Tianmen winter

Tianmen winter, also known as three hundred sticks, Sidong, tiger tail root, asparagus and so on, is a perennial herb of the Liliaceae, which grows in shady wetlands on the edge of mountain forests, hilly bushes or hillside grass. distributed in Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Taiwan, Guizhou and other places, let's take a look at the planting techniques of Tianmeng!

The growth habit of Tianmeng

Tianmen winter is distributed in the south of Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces to the provinces and regions of East China, South Central and Southwest China. Like warmth, can not bear the cold, avoid high temperature is often distributed in the mountains below 1000 meters above sea level. The areas with cool summer, warm winter and annual average temperature of 18-20 ℃ are suitable for growth. Like shade and fear strong light, the seedlings grow poorly under the condition of strong light, and the leaves turn yellow or even wither.

The breeding method of Tianmeng

1. Sowing and reproduction: the sowing period of Tianmen winter is divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing, autumn sowing is from early September to early October, autumn sowing has high germination rate, long occupation time and labor-consuming management. Spring sowing in late March, occupies a short time, convenient management. In the border, the horizontal trench was opened according to the furrow distance of 20 cm to 24 cm, the ditch depth was 5 cm to 7 cm, the sowing width was 6 cm, and the seed spacing was 2 cm to 3 cm. Use 1012kg of seeds per mu. The temperature was 17: 20 ℃, and there was enough humidity, and seedlings emerged 18-20 days after sowing.

2. Ramet propagation: the strong mother plant with large root head and strong bud head was selected when digging in Tianmen winter, and each plant was divided into at least 3 clusters, each cluster had 2-5 buds, with more than 3 small roots. The incision should be small, and coated with lime to prevent infection, can be planted after 1 day, the method of transplanting after raising seedlings.

Planting techniques of Tianmeng

1. Land selection and soil preparation: the roots of Tianmen winter block are well developed, and the human soil is up to 50 cm deep. It is suitable to grow in deep, loose, fertile, moist and well drained sandy loam soil (black sand soil) or humus-rich soil, raise seedlings in valley flatlands or shade places with short sunshine time, plough and rake the soil deeply before sowing, level and break it into pieces, and sow seeds in a high border with a width of 100 cm.

2. Seed selection and seed collection: Tianmen winter is harvested from September to October every year when the fruit changes from green to red. Ferment and ferment indoors until slightly rotten, rub the pulp into water, choose seeds with full seeds to pick and sow, or leave them for spring sowing the following year. The seeds reserved for spring sowing are stored in moist fine sand, do not dry them, otherwise the germination rate will be reduced.

3. Watering to protect seedlings: keep the soil moist within 1 month after Tianmen winter planting, and often drench with water in case of drought to promote germination and seedling growth. Cut bamboo pole or wood pole in time after emergence, let the seedlings climb and grow upward, avoid entanglement and kink, so as to facilitate ventilation and light transmission and field management.

4. Intermediate ploughing and weeding: Tianmen winter generally carries out the first intermediate ploughing from April to May, and then according to the growth of weeds and the degree of soil consolidation, it is required to achieve loose soil and completely eradicate weeds. The middle tillage should be shallow, so as not to hurt the root and affect the growth of root tuber.

5. Topdressing at the right time: Tianmendong is a kind of fertilizer-tolerant plant, which needs to apply sufficient base fertilizer and topdressing for many times. The first topdressing was carried out about 40 days after planting, when the seedlings grew to more than 40 centimeters, generally applying 1000 kg of human and animal manure per mu, and then topdressing 3 times for each batch of new seedlings, that is, the first time for the first bud tip, the second time when the seedlings were unearthed but not the leaves, and the third time after the leaves grew. When fertilizing, do not let the fertilizer come into contact with the root, should be in the border or line open hole ditch application, cover the soil after application.

6. Adjust the light: thinning branches should be carried out after planting in Tianmen winter forest from autumn to early winter, so that the internal light transmission can reach more than 50%. The light is strong in summer, less light is needed in Tianmen winter, and the shade should be increased appropriately. When planting in open land, branches should be inserted to cover the shade. It should be sparse in spring and autumn, 50% to 60% in the ground, dense in summer, and 30% to 40% in the ground.

7. Timely harvest: it takes 3 years for Tianmen winter-like planting to be harvested. Before sprouting from October to March of the following year, choose a sunny day, first pull out the insertion rod, cut off the stem vine, then dig up the soil around the root, carefully take out the tuber root and shake off the soil. Pick the big one for medicinal use, and the small one for planting.

8. Processing and storage: take off the root, cut off the fibrous root, wash away the sediment with clean water, boil it in a boiling water pot for 10 to 15 minutes, remove the skin and peel it out. When peeling, use hands and knives to peel off the skin at a time. Rinse the outer layer of glue with clean water, slightly dry the surface water, put it in the sulfur cabinet (stove) for 12 hours to make its color bright, then take it out to dry or dry. It is best to smoke sulfonate in the sun at night, and the sun shines strongly at noon. It is appropriate to cover it with a bamboo curtain to prevent discoloration. Sun-dried Tianmen winter should be packed into bamboo baskets and placed in a ventilated, cool and dry place.