How to use the rotary tiller correctly? Knowledge of safe operation of rotary tiller

The rotary tiller is a kind of agricultural machinery matching with the tractor to complete the ploughing and harrowing operation, which is very commonly used in agricultural production. The safe operation of the rotary tiller is very important. The correct use of the rotary tiller can make the operation get high efficiency. At the same time, safety accidents can be avoided, which is very important to maintain its good technical condition and ensure the quality of farming. Let's take a look at the knowledge and precautions of the safe operation of the rotary tiller.

I. Overview of rotary tiller

(1) composition of rotary tiller

According to the width of land preparation, rotary tillers are divided into many models, small ones are connected to walking tractors, and large and medium-sized ones are connected to four-wheeled tractors. The rotary tiller is generally composed of working parts, transmission parts and auxiliary parts: the working parts are composed of a knife shaft, a blade and a knife seat; the transmission parts are composed of a universal joint, a transmission shaft and a gearbox; the auxiliary parts are composed of a suspension frame, a side plate, a mud shield and a flat earth supporting plate.

(2) working principle of rotary tiller

The rotary tiller uses the power output of the tractor to drive the rotary ploughing blade to cut and turn the soil, and throws the cut soil into a back impact with the mud shield, so that the soil is further broken, and then the flat soil supporting plate drags and scrapes the surface to complete the cultivated land and rake operation at one time.

Second, the use of rotary tiller

After knowing the structure and working process of the rotary tiller, it is easier to understand the correct use of the rotary tiller.

(1) Inspection of newly purchased rotary tillers

Before using the newly purchased rotary tiller, you must check whether the parts and fasteners are lost or loose during transportation, and if so, replenish or tighten the relevant parts.

(2) Power connection of rotary tiller

The rotary tiller drives the rotary tillage blade by connecting the transmission shaft with the output shaft of the tractor. When carrying out the connection suspension, the universal joint and safety pin should be installed on the rotary tiller, and another universal joint should be installed on the tractor, and when the tractor is suspended to the same height as the rotary tiller suspension pin, when backing up, install the transmission shaft, hang up and down the hanging pin, press the lock pin, press the upper suspension.

Note: the openings of the first and both ends of the adjacent universal joints should be in the same plane, and the long end of the transmission shaft must match the type of the tractor to ensure that when the rotary tiller is lifted, the shaft and sleeve are not dead, but also have sufficient matching length, and hang the link according to the standard three points.

Second, when running-in, first add the gear oil to 25 cm from the screw mouth, then lift the rotary tiller, start the tractor in-situ running-in, shut down after running for 2 hours, and after releasing the gear oil, add an appropriate amount of diesel oil to remove the dirt at the bottom of the gearbox, release diesel oil, tighten the oil release bolts, and add qualified gear oil to the specified amount in accordance with the instructions. Check whether the blade is loose or damaged during transportation, and if it is loose or damaged, it should be reinforced or replaced.

(3) Adjustment of rotary tiller

After the connection inspection of the rotary tiller, in order to make its ploughing depth, broken soil and soil meet the agricultural requirements, it is necessary to adjust it.

1. Adjustment of ploughing depth

Generally speaking, the working depth of rotary tiller should not be less than 10 cm. The rotary tiller matched with the walking tractor can change the height of the tail wheel, adjust the depth of cultivated land, and turn the adjusting handle during adjustment. For the rotary tiller matched with the wheeled tractor, the ploughing depth is controlled by the hydraulic system. Before adjusting the ploughing depth, the length of the pull rod on the tractor is adjusted until the rotary tiller is basically in the same plane with the transmission shaft, and then the unloader on the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is adjusted to set the depth of the rotary tiller.

2. Adjustment of level

In order to ensure the same rotary tillage depth on the left and right sides, it is necessary to check whether the distance between the tool tip and the ground on both sides is the same. If the distance from the ground is not the same, the pull rods on both sides of the tractor should be adjusted until the distance between the rotary knife and the ground on both sides is the same.

3. adjustment of the angle between the transmission shaft.

In order to make the drive shaft and the universal joint rotate smoothly, when the rotary tiller is connected, measure the distance between the two sides of the rotary tiller and the rear wheel with a ruler, judge whether the angle between the transmission shaft and the forward direction is consistent, and if the angle is not consistent, adjust the tractor pull rod. Make the rotary tiller in the most favorable working condition.

4. Adjustment of lifting height

The upward inclination of the universal joint, such as more than 30 °, will increase the power loss of the universal joint, and it is also easy to damage the universal joint, such as when turning the ground, if you first cut off the power of the rotary tiller and then raise it will affect the work efficiency, so it is necessary to improve the rotary tiller in the transmission, but the lifting height must be limited, generally raising to the tip of the knife from the ground 15cm-20cm is better.

5. Adjustment of blade

According to different farming requirements, there are three ways to install and adjust the blade:

(1) staggered mode

When coming out, it is generally installed into the most commonly used staggered mode or spiral mode, which installs a left and right machete on the same plane, and the blades at the two outer ends of the knife's outer shaft bend in all directions, so that the soil is not thrown to both sides, and the land is leveled and raked after ploughing.

(2) outward mode

The blades at the two outer ends of the axle bend inward, and the blades in the middle bend outward. After outward ploughing, the soil blocks are thrown to both sides to form a shallow trench, which is suitable for dismantling operation.

(3) inward mode

The blades are all bent to the middle of the knife shaft, and the middle is full after ploughing, which is suitable for farming before finishing, and it can also make the unit work across the trench and play the role of trench. Note: when rearranging the blade, the blade edge should be consistent with the rotation direction of the knife shaft, otherwise the rotary tiller will wobble in the work and damage the machine parts seriously.

(4) Operation of rotary tiller

Check and adjust the rotary tiller, we can run the operation.

1. Start

When the tractor starts, the rotary tiller should be in the state of lifting, the tip of the knife should be 20 cm above the ground, not too high. Combined with the operation of the output shaft of the power plant, whether there are abnormal phenomena in each transmission part is observed. After the rotary tiller reaches the predetermined speed, gently release the clutch, the tractor starts slowly, and operate the hydraulic lift adjustment handle to make the rotary tiller drop slowly and gradually into the ground until the tillage depth is reached.

Note: it is strictly forbidden to start directly when the rotary ploughing knife is buried, and it is strictly forbidden to drop the rotary tiller rapidly to avoid damage to the parts or twist of the transmission shaft.

2. Run

When ploughing, the speed of progress should be 2-3 kilometers per hour in dry fields and 7 kilometers per hour in fields that have been ploughed or raked. The speed should not be too fast to prevent the tractor from overloading and damaging the power output shaft. When the rotary tiller works, the inclination of the universal joint should not be more than 15 °, and the tractor wheel should be within the working width of the rotary tiller wheel and walk on the uncultivated land so as not to compact the ploughed field. If there is too much grass entangled on the knife shaft in the operation, you should stop and clean it in time so as not to increase the load of the machine. If you encounter obstacles, such as stones, water pipes, etc., you should pay attention to avoid damage to the machine. During the rotary tillage operation, the tractor and the suspension part are strictly forbidden to ride people, in order to prevent accidentally being hurt by the rotary tiller. When using a walking tractor rotary tiller, the auxiliary transmission lever must be placed in a low position before the rotary tiller can be used.

3. Turn

After the rotary tiller is buried in the ground, it is strictly forbidden to turn halfway. When turning the ground, the rotary tiller should be lifted out of the earth, 20 cm from the ground, in order to avoid blade deformation and fracture, and properly reduce the engine speed, so as not to cut off the power. however, it should be noted that the rotary tiller should not be raised too high, and the transmission angle of the universal joint should not exceed 30 °. Note that when turning in the field, even if the rotary tiller is in the rising state, it is forbidden for the tractor to turn sharply in place to avoid damage to the connecting parts of the box. When transferring land or walking a long distance, the power of the rotary tiller should be cut off and locked after rising to the highest position. When using walking tractor rotary ploughing unit, do not use steering clutch in rotary ploughing as far as possible, apply push-pull armrest to correct direction, when turning the ground, lift the armrest, and then twist the steering clutch, do not turn dead bend, in order to prevent damage to parts.

4. Retrogression

After the rotary ploughing knife enters the soil, it is strictly forbidden to go backwards. If you need to reverse the car in the work, you must lift the rotary tiller to prevent the supporting plate from being rolled back into the earth, colliding with the blade and causing damage.

5. Rotary tillage method

The commonly used rotary tillage methods are shuttle tillage, combined tillage and return tillage. Shuttle farming: one line after another, going back and forth to work. This method is not suitable for open ploughing, and there are many turns in the ground, so it is suitable for small tractors or walking tractors to work; set ploughing method: after one ploughing, leave a wide ploughing for the second time, until after ploughing, and then return to the ploughing interval. This tillage method has few turns, but it is easy to miss ploughing, so it is suitable for large tractors to work. Backtillage method is often used in paddy field tillage in order to level the ground and reduce missed ploughing.

Soil deep loosening is a new soil tillage method popularized in recent years. it has the effect of deep ploughing to improve soil, improve geographical location and increase yield in dry farming areas. A deep loosening shovel can be installed on a new type of rotary tiller to complete the deep loosening operation while rotary ploughing. Without disturbing the soil in the ploughing layer, the deep loosening of the soil can isolate the hard layer 5-15 cm below the ploughing layer, thickening the ploughing layer, greatly increasing the speed and quantity of precipitation infiltration, reducing the water evaporation caused by ploughing and bare, and creating suitable soil conditions for crop growth and development.

Matters needing attention in the operation of rotary tiller

1. Be careful when using

When the unit starts, it should first engage the power of the power output shaft, then hang up the working gear, slowly engage the clutch, and control the hydraulic lifting handle or lifting device at the same time, so that the rotary tiller blade is gradually buried in the ground, and then increase the throttle until the normal tillage depth. It is absolutely forbidden to land the rotary tiller on the ground and suddenly combine the soil force, or drop the rotary tiller into the soil, otherwise the blade and knife shaft will be subjected to impact load and lead to damage to the transmission parts of the rotary tiller and tractor.

Pay attention to the noise and metal percussion of the working parts during the operation, stop and check immediately if there is any, and then continue to work after troubleshooting.

When the rotary tillage is too deep, the soil is heavy or hard, and the tractor emits black smoke and skidding, the tillage depth or tillage area should be reduced appropriately, or put into low gear. When turning, the throttle should be reduced, and the tail wheel and steering clutch should cooperate with each other and proceed slowly, and sharp turns are strictly prohibited to prevent damage to the relevant parts. When the wheeled tractor turns or reverses, the rotary tiller should be raised to prevent breaking the blade and twisting the knife shaft.

When crossing the ditch and ridge, the operating handle of the rotary tiller should be placed in a separate position to avoid sudden tilting at the back of the tractor and injuring the blade.

Remove the entangled grass on the knife shaft and blade in time so as not to damage the knife shaft and affect the ploughing depth. Be sure to turn off the engine when removing the entangled grass.

When working, the two ends of the universal joint should be close to the level, and the angle should not be more than 10 degrees; when the working condition is raised, the angle should not be more than 30 degrees, and the rotational speed should be reduced at the same time to prevent damage to the universal joint transmission shaft assembly.

During the operation, it is strictly forbidden to stand behind the rotary tiller and on the machine to prevent danger. After working for 4 hours, stop the machine and check whether the blade is loose or deformed. If abnormal is found, it should be tightened or replaced in time. When checking and troubleshooting, the engine must be turned off to ensure personal safety.

When transferring in the field, the rotary tiller should be raised and the power of the power output shaft should be cut off. If the transfer distance is large, apply a locking device to fix the rotary tiller in a certain position, or remove the universal joint to transfer.

When parking, the rotary tiller should land on the ground, and hanging parking is strictly prohibited. When long-term storage is needed at the end of the maintenance operation after use, the outer soil and entangled grass of the rotary tiller should be removed and cleaned, the gear oil in the transmission box should be replaced, the lubrication parts should be lubricated, the blades and universal joints should be removed and put oil indoors, other exposed working parts should be oiled to prevent rust, the damaged parts should be repaired or replaced in time, and then the rotary tiller should be padded and stored in a place of protection from light, rain, ventilation and dryness.

2. Be careful when operating

The promotion of rotary tiller should not be too high. If the lift is too high, the universal joint will be twisted, and the parts will be damaged due to the collision between the tension chain of the hanging rod and the universal joint transmission shaft.

When joining the tractor power output shaft, the rotary tiller should not be raised too high, that is, the inclination angle of the universal joint shaft should not be too large, and it must be engaged after the clutch is completely separated.

For the split hydraulic system, the rotary tillage depth should be controlled by the positioning valve and clamp of the oil cylinder, and the distributor handle should be placed in the floating position, not in the neutral position.

If you encounter a rotary tiller parking due to grass entanglement, do not use pedal to force rotation, otherwise it is easy to wring your foot. When the rotary tiller is working, it is forbidden to stand behind and above the machine to prevent accidents.

With the increase of the number of rotary tillers, mechanical failures and personal casualties of rotary tillers are on the rise. It is hoped that the above knowledge of safe operation of rotary tillers will help farmers master the methods of how to use rotary tillers correctly.