Citrus planting techniques: temperature, soil and fertilizer are the key factors affecting yield.

China is the main cultivation place of citrus, and it has a long history. There are many varieties of citrus, the more famous are Changde Shimen citrus, a large, juicy, deeply loved by people. Citrus growth environment is affected by many factors, such as temperature, soil, fertilizer and so on. Let's take a look at the high-yield planting techniques of citrus.

I. planting techniques

1. Soil improvement

Before planting in dry land, it is appropriate to dig trenches or large holes to improve soil, with a width of 1.0-1.5m and a depth of 0.8-1.0m, or a large hole of 1.0-1.5m in diameter and 0.8-1.0m in depth. In addition to digging trenches or large holes to improve the soil, paddy fields or stagnant water fields also dig deep drainage ditches to lower the groundwater level to less than 1m. Each cubic meter of ditch or hole is filled with crop straw, farm manure, weeds and other 30-50kg, mixed with the soil or layered backfill. If the soil is deficient in mineral nutrients such as phosphorus, magnesium and calcium, appropriate amount of mineral fertilizer should be added when backfilling. Acid soil, add appropriate amount of lime when backfilling; alkaline soil, add appropriate amount of sulfur powder when backfilling. The grooves and acupoints were backfilled for 4-6 months before planting.

2. Planting

After moderate pruning, the roots and branches and leaves of the seedlings were placed in the center of the planting hole to stretch the roots, straighten the roots, gently lift the seedlings upward while filling the soil, and step tight, so that the roots are in close contact with the soil. When planting container seedlings, first take soil from the container to take out the seedlings, wipe off the outer soil by hand, expose part of the roots, and then put them into the center of the planting hole, cultivate the soil, straighten and tighten the roots, expose the root neck to the ground 5-10cm, and pour through the fixed root water.

II. Soil, fertilizer and water management

1. Soil management

The deep turning and expanding point was carried out after the autumn shoot stopped growing or combined with the application of base fertilizer, which began at the edge of the original planting hole and gradually expanded outward. When backfilling, mixed with green manure, straw or mature human and animal manure, compost, barnyard manure, cake manure and so on.

2. Intercropping or growing grass

Promote the implementation of grass system in citrus orchards, and it is appropriate to plant short-stalked and shallow-rooted legumes or forage grasses, and timely cut and bury them in the soil or cover the tree plates.

3. Mulching and soil cultivation

In high temperature or dry season, it is recommended to cover the tree plate with straw and keep the distance between the mulch and the root neck above 10cm. Soil cultivation is generally carried out in winter, and the soil should be ploughed and loosened before soil cultivation. It can be cultivated into pond mud, river mud or fertile soil near the citrus orchard, and the thickness is not higher than that of the grafting interface.

4. Ploughing

It is carried out in summer, autumn or after fruit harvest, but not in the rainy season. Ploughing once a year or once every two years to keep the soil loose. Middle tillage depth ≤ 10cm. The sloping land should be deeper and the flat land shallow. In citrus orchards with more weeds, herbicides with little impact on the environment can be used in limited quantities.

5. Fertilization

Promote the application of more organic fertilizer, rational application of inorganic fertilizer, formula fertilization and economic fertilization.

6. Plastic and pruning management

The purpose of citrus shaping and pruning is to make the plant form and maintain a reasonable tree structure, make full use of light energy and space, achieve early fruiting, early high yield, stable yield, high quality and high efficiency, and directly prune the tree or other similar activities. In the final analysis, shaping is to trim the shape of the tree to form an ideal tree structure; pruning is a direct branch treatment technique for the tree, such as thinning, truncation, retraction, coring, sprouting, twig, ring cutting, root cutting and so on.

Shaping and pruning depend on each other and complement each other. In order to cultivate and maintain a good tree shape, it must be achieved through a series of pruning treatment, but without shaping the plant, it is difficult to prune reasonably. Shaping and pruning runs through the whole life cycle of citrus, but it has its own emphasis at different stages of development. Young trees are mainly shaped, while adult trees are mainly maintained and adjusted by various pruning techniques to adjust the contradiction between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, so as to prolong the economic life of trees.