How to raise field snails well

Farmers can obtain considerable economic benefits by using small water surface or paddy fields to cultivate field snails. The techniques of field snail culture are introduced as follows:

I. selection of field snail culture sites

Snail breeding sites should choose places with adequate water sources, good water quality, humus soil and convenient transportation. There better be running water.

The construction of culture ponds. The specification of the snail pool is generally 1.5 li 1.6 m wide and 10 mi 15 m long, and the topography can also prevail. There is a ridge around the pool, which is about 50 centimeters high. There are water inlet and outlet at both ends of the pool, and a block is installed to prevent the snail from escaping. At the same time, the sparse planting of Zizania caduciflora and other aquatic plants in the middle of the culture pond can not only increase the land yield, but also create a good ecological environment for the growth of snails.

2. Stocking quantity and feeding management

The main results are as follows: 1. The stocking density of field snails is generally 100 per square meter. At the same time, about 5 silver carp and bighead carp fingerlings in summer flowers are cultured in the main body. The stocking time of field snails is usually in March.

2. Fertilizing and baiting. The aquaculture pond first applies some feces to cultivate plankton to provide bait for field snails. The amount of fertilizer application depends on the fat and thin of the bottom material of the snail pond. After the snail is put into the pond, it is fed to green vegetables, rice bran, fish offal or vegetable cake, bean cake and so on. Green horn, fish offal should be chopped and rice bran and other feed mix well. Vegetable cakes and bean cakes should be soaked and softened to facilitate snail feeding. The amount of feeding depends on the feeding situation of field snails, which is generally calculated according to 1% of the total amount of field snails, which is fed once every 3 days. Feeding time every morning, the position of feeding does not have to be fixed, feed is put in every other day. When the temperature is lower than 15 ℃ or higher than 30 ℃, no baiting is needed.

3. Water quality regulation. First, the snail pond should often inject new water to regulate the water quality, especially in the breeding season, it is best to keep the pond water flow, especially in the high temperature season, the effect of running water culture is better. It is better to breed in micro-running water in spring and autumn. The water depth of the snail pond should always be kept at about 30 cm. The second is to adjust the acidity and alkalinity of water. When the PH value of the pool water is on the low side, 0.15 Mel 0.18 kg of quicklime is applied per square meter and sprinkled every 10 mi 15 days, so that the PH value of the pond water is kept at 7 Mel 8.

4. Overwintering management of field snail. When the water temperature dropped to 8 ℃, the snail began to hibernate. During hibernation, the snail drilled the soil with the top of the shell, leaving only a small round hole in the soil surface, and bubbles appeared from time to time to breathe. Field snails do not eat during the overwintering period, but the culture pond still needs to maintain a water depth of 10 Mel 15 cm. Generally, water is exchanged every 4 days to maintain a proper oxygen content.

High efficient culture technology of field snail

First, choose the venue.

Snails have strong vitality and disease resistance, and ditches, paddy fields and shallow ponds with living water sources can be stocked. Generally, pond farming is adopted. The snail pond is generally 2 meters wide and 10 meters long, with a ridge around the pond, 0.7 meters high, and a fence net around it to prevent the snails from escaping. The bottom of the pool is covered with 20 cm thick mud, injected with new water, and the water surface is stocked with water floating lotus, small gourd, red duckweed and so on. Feed for field snails, and insert small bamboo poles or wooden strips in the pond for snail habitat and spawning.

2. Release of seedlings

Select snails or young snails and put them into the pool. After the pond is built, it is generally chosen to put into seedling culture from April to November. It is the spawning season from June to September every year, which can be picked up in rice fields and ditches, or bought in the market. the female snail is characterized by light brown color, thin shell, round body and blunt tail. 15-20 grams of female snails are selected and put into the pool, generally 10 female snails per square meter. Those who choose young snails as seedlings. It is released according to the ratio of male and female at 2:1. The female snail is larger, the snail body is round, and the shell is concave; the male snail is smaller, the snail body is longer, and the shell is protruding. Young snails can be caught and put on the market after about a year of breeding.

III. Feeding and management

The snail is rich in bait, and the microorganisms, organic matter and young stems and leaves of aquatic plants are its main food. During the peak growing season of young snails, rice bran, wheat husk, bean curd, cooked sweet potatoes, small insects, small fish and shrimp, and animal offal are fed every year from April to November. Can also be fed with formula feed. The feeding time is 8: 9 o'clock every day, and the large bait should be chopped and fed. The daily feeding amount is about 1.5% of the snail body. Change the fresh water regularly to keep the water fresh, about once every 10 days. When the water temperature is above 30 ℃, new water should be injected frequently to deepen the water level. It is better to keep the water depth at 30 cm at ordinary times. In winter, the water level is lowered and the light is increased during the day. The water level deepens at night. Combined with the application of some pig manure and stable manure to increase the temperature and improve the water quality. Snails are sensitive to pesticides and industrial sewage. We should pay attention to avoid and pay attention to the harm of ducks.

IV. Fishing listing

After a year of breeding, those with a body weight of more than 15 grams can be caught and listed on the market. The fishing method can be either dry pond fishing or shallow water fishing. At the same time, attention should be paid to keeping some female snails to prepare for the cultivation of young snails next year.

V. overwintering management

When the water temperature dropped to 8 ℃, the snail began to hibernate. During hibernation, the snail drilled into the hole, leaving a small hole in the soil and bubbling from time to time. Don't eat or move at this time. The water depth should be kept at 10-15 cm, and the water should be changed once every 4-5 days to increase the oxygen content so that the field snail can survive the winter safely.

The technology of breeding field snail scientifically

I. Life habits

Tian Luoxi lives in waters where the winter is warm and summer is cool, the sediment is soft, the bait is rich, and the water quality is fresh. Tian Luoxi especially likes to cluster in places where the water is slightly flowing, and snails like to live in the water environment where the sediment is rich in humus, such as lakes, ponds, field valleys or slow-flow ditches with lush water plants.

Snails have miscellaneous food habits, mainly eat tender stems and leaves of aquatic plants, bacteria and organic detritus, and snails like nocturnal activities and feeding. The snail begins to move and feed at a water temperature of about 15 degrees Celsius, and the most suitable temperature for growth is 20-27 degrees Celsius. When the temperature is above 30 degrees Celsius, the snail will shrink its flesh into the shell and stop feeding and gather in the shade or dive into the soil to avoid the heat. The snail will die when the water temperature exceeds 40 degrees Celsius. When the water temperature is lower than 8 degrees Celsius, the snail will sneak into the mud hole and hibernate. When the water temperature rises to about 15 degrees Celsius in the early spring of next year, the snail will come out and feed again.

Second, breeding habits

The difference between female and male snails is mainly based on the shape of their right antennae. The right antennae of the male snail bend to the right inward (the curved part is the male genitalia). In addition, the female snail is large and round, while the male snail is small and long.

The field snail is an egg-viviparous animal with a unique mode of reproduction. The embryonic development and offspring development of the field snail are completed in the mother. From the fertilized egg to the birth of the young snail, it takes about a year to conceive in the mother. Field snails lay eggs in batches and begin to reproduce from March to April every year. While giving birth to young snails, female and male parent snails are mated and fertilized, and at the same time, the young snails to be produced the following year are conceived in the mother. A female snail produces about 100-150 young snails in the whole year.

3. Restocking of snails

Generally speaking, snails can be released one after another from the end of March. Ten days before the snail was put, the whole pond was sprinkled with quicklime at the dosage of 50 kg-100 kg per mu to remove wild fish, shrimp and other miscellaneous snails. 3-4 days later, organic fertilizers and breeding bait organisms were piled in the water body to feed the snails. Snails can be purchased from the market or collected by themselves. Plant 100-120 snails per square meter, and 4 summer flower bighead carps can also be raised in the pond. Before planting snails, appropriate amount of manure should be applied in the pond to cultivate bait organisms. The rearing of snails should be completed in the early stage of field snail breeding. The snail species should choose fresh snails with light brown color, thin and complete shell and blunt body. The cultured field snail can be released alone, or some silver carp and bighead carp species can be raised or mixed culture of field snail and Loach can be adopted.

IV. Aquaculture water body

Snails have strong adaptability and few diseases. As long as they avoid the toxicity of a large number of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, many flat canals, beaches, pits, paddy fields, ponds and other ordinary water bodies in rural areas can be released. If the special pond is excavated and raised, the water source is convenient and the pond is built for the site of humus soil (if the soil is not suitable, it is best to apply mixed compost to improve it). Keep the thickness of the sediment 10 cm-15 cm and the area is unlimited. If there is an open body of water, a small amount of duckweed and water lotus can be cultivated on the surface of the water, some long rattan melons and vegetables are planted around the pond for shade, and bamboo tails, branches or stones and grasslands are arranged in the water for snails to live in concealment.

V. Water quality regulation

The water quality in the culture pond is one of the keys to the success or failure of the snail culture field. First of all, it is necessary to ensure that the water quality is good. Water containing large amounts of iron and sulfur must not be used. Because of the water with high iron content, the mortality rate is very high after stocking the seedlings, the surviving snail shells are also attached with red rust, and even the snail meat is reddish brown. Sulfur water quality also uses snails with the stink of sulfur, which is unedible. Aquaculture water to slightly turbid rivers or ponds natural water body is best, not too clear and transparent, the water body should be rich in natural bait and sufficient oxygen. As the snail is very sensitive to the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water, when the dissolved oxygen is 3.5 mg / L, it will not eat very much, and when it is reduced to 1.5 mg / L, it will die, so the culture water must be fresh and can be cultured in semi-running water. Snail pond to often inject new water, in order to adjust the water quality, especially in the breeding season, it is best to keep the pool water flow. In the high temperature season, the effect of running water culture is better. It is better to breed in micro-running water in spring and autumn. The water depth of the snail pond should be kept at about 30 cm.

VI. Feeding and management

It grows the fastest in the first three to four months, then gradually slows down, and then no longer grows after two years. Therefore, the field snail should seize the opportunity during artificial culture and fully bait to make it grow in a relatively short time, so that the snail meat is large and soft and delicious, which is inferior to the natural one, and the yield is also higher.

The extensive culture mode in natural waters only needs to maintain the fatness of the water body and apply appropriate amount of organic fertilizer such as barnyard manure, chicken manure, cow manure, pig manure or rice straw to meet the growth needs of snails. Feed the leftovers such as vegetable leaves, rice bran, bean cake, vegetable cake and animal offal after releasing the snail. Soak and soften the cakes and feed them. Chop up and mix well with other fodder.

The feeding amount is generally calculated according to 1% of the total weight of the field snail, which is fed once every two or three days, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the growth and feeding of the field snail. Feeding does not need to be located, and more feeding points should be set up. No feeding is required when the water temperature is lower than 15 degrees Celsius or higher than 30 degrees Celsius.

Field snails do not have high nutritional requirements, so rice bran, wheat bran and soybean powder are simply used to prepare the high-quality feed of field snails in the proportion of 60%, 25% and 15%. According to the feeding and climatic conditions of the snail, the snail has a strong appetite within the suitable growth temperature (that is, 20-28 degrees Celsius) and can be fed once every two days, with a feeding amount of 2% of body weight and 3% of body weight. When the water temperature is 15-20 degrees Celsius and 28-30 degrees Celsius, feed it twice a week, about 1% each time. When the temperature is below 15 degrees Celsius or higher than 30 degrees Celsius, throw less or no. In the natural state, the field snail can grow to 6-8 grams in the same year, while the individual weight of farmed snails can reach 12-15 grams.

VII. Daily management

It is strictly forbidden to flow into water sources polluted by pesticides and chemical fertilizers; to prevent the invasion of ducks, snakes, rats, birds and other enemy pests; and to remove weeds and grass roots in the water in time. Usually take the form of micro-running water, keep the water level at about 30 centimeters. Increase the water flow in the high temperature season to control the rise of water temperature and ensure sufficient dissolved oxygen. In the cold weather, the snail hibernates in the soil. At this time, the water is changed once or twice a week, and some chopped straw is sprinkled into the water to facilitate the snail to survive the winter.

VIII. Overwintering management

When the water temperature drops to 8-9 degrees Celsius, the snails begin to hibernate. The hibernating field snail uses the clay at the top of the shell, leaving only a round hole in the soil surface, bubbling from time to time. Field snails do not eat during the overwintering period, but the culture pond still needs to maintain a water depth of 10-15 cm. Generally change the water every 3-4 days to maintain a proper oxygen content.

After a year of careful breeding, the young snails can reach 10-20 grams, and the hatched snails can reach more than 5 grams in that year. When harvesting field snails, we should adopt the method of catching large and small, listing in batches, selectively ingesting adult snails, keeping young snails and paying attention to selecting some female snails, so as to achieve natural replanting, and there is no need to put in seedlings in the future. According to their living habits, bamboo branches and grass sticks rotating on the shore or in the water at morning and night are selected to pick up in the summer and autumn high temperature season, while sunny noon is selected in winter and spring. In addition, the snails can also be harvested by touching in the lower pond or picking in the draining dry pond.

In a word, the culture technology of field snail can not be practiced in one day, and farmers need to learn constantly and accumulate experience in the process of breeding in order to do better and better in the field snail culture industry.