Intercropping cultivation method of Watermelon and Yam in large Arch shed

In early spring, the intercropping of watermelon and yam in large arch shed can make the harvest and market time of watermelon and yam more than 45 days earlier than that of open field cultivation, thus achieving higher economic benefits.

First, the arch shed structure. The width of the shed is 7 meters and the central arch height of the shed is 2.5 meters. The length of the shed depends on the land. The arch scaffolding material is generally made of cement prefabricated parts, or two bamboo materials can be used, the lower end is fixed with buried soil, the upper end is arched inward, and the joint is screwed with iron wire to form a scaffolding, and three rows of columns are erected in the center of the shed and on the left and right sides to support the scaffolding. When buckling the shed, buckle and seal the high-quality plastic film on the arched scaffolding, and the plastic film can be tightened and compacted with iron wire. Second, open ditches and prepare the land. Each large arch shed needs to dig two planting ditches along the shed. The center of the two planting ditches is located about 2.7 meters around the central point of the shed, and the ditch is required to be 0.8 meters wide and 0.8 meters deep. When digging ditches, pile the subsoil and topsoil separately. When backfilling, first backfill the topsoil, then backfill the subsoil, and pay attention to smashing the large pieces of soil at any time. When backfilling to 40 cm above the ground, apply base fertilizer, 4000 kg of high-quality mature organic fertilizer and 40 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu, and fill the fertilizer and soil evenly. Third, watermelon planting. Buckle the shed 10-15 days before watermelon planting to increase the temperature in the shed. Immediately after buckling the shed, water it to make moisture. When the ground temperature of 5 cm in the shed is more than 15 ℃, it can be planted. Watermelons should be planted in the middle of the planting ditch. The seedlings can be planted at the age of 40-50 days. The distance between plants is 35 cm, so that 2 rows of watermelons are planted in each shed and 550 watermelons are planted per mu. When planting, first dig the planting hole, and then take the melon seedling with soil block out of the nutrition bowl, together with the soil block into the planting hole, and then fill it with fine soil, and then pour a little water over the seedlings one by one. After the watermelon is planted, immediately cover the plastic film, buckle the small arch shed, and cover the small arch shed with grass curtain to keep warm at night. Fourth, the cultivation of yam. When the main vine of watermelon grows to 40-50 cm, yam can be planted. In this way, it avoids the premature growth of yam, competes with watermelon for light, water and nutrients, and ensures that the demand for fertilizer and water of watermelon is basically consistent with that of yam and does not contradict each other. The yam is planted on the left and right sides of the watermelon, 20 cm away from the watermelon row and 35 cm apart from the watermelon row. The yam and the watermelon are staggered and planted in the shape of 'product'. In this way, one row of watermelon and two rows of yam are planted in each planting ditch, and there are 2 rows of watermelon and 4 rows of yam in each shed. 1100 yams are planted per mu. When planting, first drill a straight hole vertically with thick steel bar according to the row spacing of the plant, with a depth of 60 cm, and then drill an oblique hole at the mouth of the hole at an angle of 15-20 degrees with the ground, and then put the yam mouth (root section with top bud for seed) into the oblique hole, so that the top is in the vertical hole, so as to guide the new block root to extend vertically down the straight hole, and finally gently press the soil with your hand. Fifth, field management 1, temperature control: watermelon slow seedling temperature should not be too high during the day, should be 20-25 ℃, not less than 15 ℃ at night; yam budding temperature demand is not strict, according to watermelon growth and development requirements to adjust the greenhouse temperature; watermelon flowering temperature can be slightly higher, 25-28 ℃ during the day, not less than 17 ℃ at night; after sitting melon, the weather turns warm, should be appropriate ventilation cooling during the day, about 30 ℃ during the day, 15-20 ℃ at night. Keeping a large temperature difference between day and night is beneficial to improve the yield and quality of watermelon. 2. Fertilizer and water management: Chinese yam is relatively resistant to drought, but suitable soil moisture can promote the growth and development of Chinese yam. Water management should also be watered according to the water demand characteristics of watermelon, and the watering times and water quantity should be reduced in the early stage to prevent a large amount of watering to reduce the soil temperature. if the soil is dry, small water should be irrigated, especially during flowering and fruit setting, so as to prevent stem growth from affecting fruit setting. During the expansion period, enough water should be watered to promote the expansion of watermelon fruit, promote the growth of Chinese yam stem and increase the leaf area. Do not flood watermelons before harvest to prevent them from cracking. Watermelon fruit expansion and yam growth need a lot of nutrients, especially for potash fertilizer. In the melon expansion period, combined with watering, 30 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer and 15 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu. 3. Watermelon pruning and yam hanging vines: watermelon pruning generally adopts the method of double-vine pruning, leaving melons on the main vines and no melons on the lateral vines, leaving 15-18 leaves in front of the melons and 18-20 leaves on the lateral vines to hit the top. it is necessary to remove the germinated auxiliary vines on the main vines and lateral vines in time to ensure that the main and lateral vines extend uniaxially. Chinese yam should be suspended in time after emergence, one end of the rope can be buried in the soil, and the other end is tied to the roof wire to guide the stem vine to grow upward along the rope. 4. Watermelon retention and pollination: the second female flower on the main vine is selected for watermelon, and the female flower should be pollinated in time. During pollination, gently rub the stamens of the male flowers on the stigma of the female flowers, so that the pollen is evenly distributed on the stigma, mark it after pollination and remember the date to calculate the maturity of the watermelon according to the mature days of the watermelon. 5. Post-harvest management of watermelons: watermelons in the arch shed in early spring can generally be ripe and put on the market in the first and middle of May. After watermelon harvest, to meet the demand for fertilizer and water of Chinese yam, 20 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu should be applied to promote root growth and increase yield of Chinese yam. At this time, if you leave the second crop of watermelons, you should pollinate in time, you can harvest the second crop of watermelons after more than 20 days; if you do not leave the second crops of watermelons, you can pull out the seedlings and plant over-summer vegetables such as beans, cucumbers, vegetables, zucchini, or crops such as peanuts and corn.

6, yam harvest: yam in July, can be harvested according to the market market.