Bag planting technique of sexual Propagation of Gastrodia elata

Gastrodia elata is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, belonging to Orchidaceae perennial herbs, rootless and green leaves, mainly rely on digestion of Armillaria mellea and other fungi to obtain nutrition. It contains vanillin alcohol, vanillin aldehyde, glycosides, vitamin a, crystalline neutrals and trace alkaloids, as well as mucus, which has the effects of tonifying qi and nourishing liver, relieving shock, relieving wind and antispasmodic. The history of artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata is not long, but the cultivation technology is developing rapidly. in the past, artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata generally adopts asexual reproduction, the seed is degraded generation by generation, the yield is low and unstable, and the production is greatly affected. The sexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata is an effective method to overcome the degeneration of species. The sexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata is also called seed reproduction, that is, it is cultivated and propagated by the seeds produced after flowering and pollination. The technology of sexual reproduction bag planting of Gastrodia elata can make better use of space, save cost, reduce labor intensity and improve labor efficiency, and can solve the problems that field sowing needs large breeding space, easy to be affected by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, and not easy to manage. The bag planting technique of sexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata is introduced as follows:

1 preparation for the preliminary work 1.1 the time and size of underground tuber growth of Gastrodia elata cultivated by pollen seeds can be divided into arrow, white, rice, mother and large white, arrow and large white hemp, also known as commercial hemp. Arrow hemp can grow the aboveground stem, and can blossom and bear seeds, when it is drawing stems, the stem is like an arrow, so it is called arrow hemp. Select fresh, robust, no damage, mildew, no diseases and insect pests, weight of about 100g to 200g of arrow hemp as seed. Arrow hemp must be collected from the Beginning of Winter to spring, and the survival rate of spring planting is significantly higher than that of winter planting. Because the arrow hemp itself is rich in nutrients to meet the needs of bolting, flowering and fruiting, it does not need to be planted with fungus, so it is generally cultivated indoors. Outdoor cultivation should build a rain shelter and pay attention to wind protection, timely watering, keeping the soil moist, tapping, artificial cross-pollination and other measures can significantly increase the yield and single grain weight of Arrow hemp. It should be noted that after the fruit of Gastrodia elata is ripe, the germination rate is very different before and after cracking. Picking and sowing split fruit and mature young fruit in time is an important measure to ensure high germination rate. The ripening signs of Gastrodia elata fruit are: ① hand touch fruit from hard to soft; ② fruit seam is not cracked, white and shiny; ③ peel seeds can spread. Do not expose the seeds to the sun. The time of storage at natural ambient temperature has a great effect on the germination rate of seeds. The germination rate of seeds collected before natural cracking of fruit can reach 94%; the germination rate of seeds on the day of natural cracking of fruit decreases to 88.4%; the germination rate of seeds stored at room temperature for 3 days is reduced to 22.3%. Gastrodia elata seeds should be sowed as soon as possible after picking, and it is best to harvest and sow at the same time. When the seeds can not be sown immediately, the seeds should be put into glassware or paper bags and stored in the refrigerator at a low temperature of 3 ℃ ~ 5 ℃. Sowing within half a month can ensure the germination rate. 1.2 the seeds of Gastrodia elata mixed with germinating bacteria need to be sowed together, and the germination rate of Osmunda Osmunda mushroom is higher. Before sowing, the secondary or tertiary leaf culture bacteria of the cultivated Osmunda Osmunda mushroom were taken out from the culture bottle and put into the cleaned and sterilized enamel basin with one bottle for each bag. break the secondary bacteria to the size of walnut grains or separate pieces of leaves glued together. Shake the mature tender fruit of Gastrodia elata and the dehiscent seed out of the capsule, gently sprinkle on the strain block (leaf) and mix the seed several times, and then mix evenly after sowing, so as to prevent the seed from concentrating on a small amount of fungus or leaves, affecting the effect of inoculation and germination. The sowing rate should not be too large or too small, each bag sowing 5-7 full capsules. The germinating bacteria after evenly mixing the powdery seeds in the capsule, cover the basin with a clean newspaper or film, and place it in a cool, damp place in the leeward. After 24 hours, a layer of white-haired aerial hyphae grew on the fungus (leaf), and the seeds were completely wrapped before bagging. In this way, the seed of Gastrodia elata combined with Pleurotus ostreatus germinating bacteria has high germination rate and fast growth.