High-yield cultivation techniques of pomegranate

The main results are as follows: (1) the garden should choose a place with flat terrain, convenient transportation, irrigation conditions and leeward to the sun. When building the garden, we should avoid the areas and directions where the lowest temperature in winter is below 16 ℃, especially in trough-shaped valleys and basins where cold air is easy to gather.

(2) the planting density of pomegranate trees is generally 2-4m, and the reasonable density can be determined according to different site conditions. The soil is fertile, the management is better, the planting density can be smaller, 22-25 plants per mu, the plant row spacing is 5x5-6m; the site condition is poor, the management is general, the plant density can be higher, the plant row spacing is 3x4m; the planting of mountain terraces can adopt the plant row spacing of 2.5x4m, planting a row on the outer edge of the terraces, and intercropping dwarf crops in the terraces to improve land utilization.

(3) there are two kinds of soil preparation and fertilization: large hole preparation and trenching and hanging trough. The site preparation of large holes requires that 80cm be square and 80cm deep, and the length of trenches and trenches is unlimited, and the width and depth should be more than 80cm. Each planting hole was fertilized with not less than 50kg and compound fertilizer 0.5kg, then mixed well with the hole soil and watered thoroughly before planting.

(4) the selection of improved varieties and strong seedlings is the key to survival and the basis of fast growth, high yield and high quality. At present, the varieties that are suitable for cultivation and perform well are: DaBenzi, Yushizi in Huaiyuan, Daqingpi and Dahongpao in Shandong, and Tianhong egg in Lintong, Shaanxi Province. Seedling quality requirements: the seedling is above 70cm, the stem is above 0.8cm, the seedling age is 1-3 years, and the purity is more than 95%. When raising seedlings, we should pay attention to the integrity of the root system, preserve at least 4 roots, root length is not less than 15cm, seedlings are free of diseases and insect pests.

(5) the optimal period for timely transplantation is the first ten days of March in spring and the end of October and the beginning of November in autumn. In these two seasons, the temperature is lower, the evaporation is less, and the survival rate is high, especially in late autumn, the root and soil combine in one winter, the next spring germinates early, the photosynthesis time is long, the plant grows vigorously in that year, and can blossom and bear fruit ahead of time. The soil planted in spring is not closely combined with the root system, which is often germinated first and then rooting. In case of spring drought, it is easy to drain dry after planting, and the phenomenon of slow growth or even death often occurs in the same year of planting. Summer planting pomegranate is also possible, but to choose continuous cloudy days, the planting cost is higher, generally not recommended.

6 shaping and pruning

The plastic pomegranate was allowed to grow naturally in the first year after planting, and 1-4 branches with strong growth and suitable direction were selected as the trunk, and then the roots were removed in time. With the growth of the trunk and the formation of the main and lateral branches, it gradually developed into a round head shape, a cluster shape, a happy shape or a trunk evacuation stratification shape.

Pruning pomegranate is sensitive to pruning. Winter is dominated by thinning, supplemented by short cuts and retractions. After planting for 23 years, the young trees should focus on the method of supporting and stretching, opening the angle of the main branches, properly thinning or cutting short branches, cultivating tree shape, accumulating nutrients and creating conditions for high yield. The fruiting trees of more than 4 years old should be thinned to improve the light transmission conditions and create a ventilated and transparent tree structure. When thinning branches, we should focus on the thinning of long branches, overdense branches, disease and insect branches, weak drooping branches, crossed branches, overlapping branches and sprouting branches at the base of the trunk. On the basis of winter shearing, summer sprouting, coring, ring peeling and other measures are carried out to maintain 10%-20% light transmittance, but do not cut off big branches during summer shearing.

The time of summer pruning should be carried out after setting fruit, mainly to remove overdense twigs to maintain reasonable light transmittance. The main purpose of coring is to inhibit growth, promote branching, cultivate fruiting branches and increase fruit setting rate. Too many buds and lateral branches should be removed or coring in time to reduce the waste of water and nutrients and promote the growth of main branches. For the prosperous trees and larger auxiliary branches which have not borne fruit for more than 3 years, they can be peeled around in the appropriate parts at the flowering stage. The girdling width is about 10 times of the diameter of the trunk or main branch. Girdling is beneficial to the nutrition accumulation in the upper part of the wound, increase the proportion of tubular flowers, and improve the fruit setting rate and fruit quality.