How to cultivate and manage the rose shed

Rose (scientific name: Rosa rugosa), originating in China. Belongs to Rosaceae, Rosaceae deciduous shrubs, branches multi-needle, odd-pinnate compound leaves, leaflets 5-9, oval, with edge thorns. Petals Obovate, double to semidouble, purplish red, white, fruiting August-September, oblate. Roses are native to China. When roses are used as crops, their flowers are mainly used in food and extract essential rose oil, and rose oil is used in cosmetics, food, fine chemicals and other industries.

Rose is a deciduous shrub of Rosaceae, with bright flowers, cut when budding and raised in a vase, with a very elegant and beautiful posture. Rose cultivation in shed has a good market prospect.

First, selection of site conditions. The rose is adaptable, likes sunlight and can tolerate half shade. The suitable temperature for growth is 15-25 ℃. The fields cultivated in greenhouse should be selected in slightly acidic fields with sufficient sunshine, high and dry terrain, deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good aggregate structure. Roses planted in shady, cold-soaked fields have poor growth, thin branches and leaves, few buds, small flowers and light fragrance; if the site is low-lying, the groundwater level is high, and poor drainage, it often causes rotten roots, fallen leaves, and even death. Although roses are not strict with soil nutrients, when planted in places with shallow soil layer, poor fertility and easy soil consolidation, the root development is blocked, the branches and leaves are thin and yellow, and the flowers are few and tasteless.

Second, soil preparation and acid adjustment. Land preparation includes ploughing, ground finishing, ploughing and Harrow leveling and removal of weeds and debris. Soil preparation is carried out in autumn, and the pH value of the soil is 5.5-6.5. Consolidation and heavy soil are not allowed. If the soil is acidic or alkaline, it is necessary to adjust the acidity. In production, 2% laterite plus 1% rotten leaf soil (can also be used peat soil) is used to adjust the acidity and alkalinity. Soil preparation is needed before transplanting. In order to facilitate fertilization and weeding, the width of the soil moisture surface of planting rose flowers is 1.2 meters, and it is better to plant soil moisture in the north-south direction.

Third, select improved varieties. Improved varieties are the important basis of commercial production of roses. The right varieties, high quality, high yield and high efficiency are the purpose of rose production. Double purple red rose is the main cultivated variety of rose in our country at present, and the suitable variety can be selected according to the local conditions.

Fourth, seedling propagation. Roses mainly use cutting, striping, grafting and other asexual propagation to cultivate seedlings. Rose cuttings are best raised in nutrient bags in the greenhouse, and the survival rate is higher if spraying device is used. The cutting substrate was mixed with rotten leaf soil or peat soil, river sand and superphosphate, and then mixed according to the ratio of 5 / 3 / 0.5. The sand was required to be sterile. Put the substrate into the cutting bag and put it in the cuttage shed in turn.

Cuttings should choose one-year-old disease-free and insect-free branches, shoots with buds before flowering or hardbranches with full flowers after flowering, and cuttings from May to August and hard branches from September to October. The upper end of the cuttings is cut flat at 1 cm from the axillary buds, leaving 2-3 leaf buds in the middle, and the lower end is cut into a 45-degree angle at 1 cm from the leaf buds. The cuttings are 10-12 cm long. The cuttings were cut as needed, and rooting powder was used to accelerate rooting. The cuttings were cut in a nutrition bag, and the cutting depth was 1 / 3 of that of cuttings, and the cutting could be watered thoroughly. After keeping the air humidity above 90%, the greenhouse temperature is about 25 ℃, and the roses can take root and sprout after 30 days. After survival, the rose cuttings are sprayed with 0.2% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 1-2 times. Thirty days before transplanting, the seedlings were exposed at noon on a sunny day.

Fifth, planting. The transplanting of cutting seedlings cultivated in nutrition bags is very convenient. After finishing the soil moisture in the field at the beginning of March, a ditch has been opened in the north-south direction, with a depth of 30 cm and a width of 20 cm. The row spacing of rose planting should be 20 cm × 30-40 cm. Before planting, it is required to apply mature agricultural fertilizer fine manure as base fertilizer in the planting ditch, which is about 10 cm thick and covered with a layer of soil. The plant will be planted in the center, compacted around the soil and watered with enough bottom water.

6. Environmental management. The optimum temperature of rose growing period is 20-35 ℃ in daytime and 12-15 ℃ at night. When the summer greenhouse temperature is more than 30 ℃, the growth is inhibited, the flower buds no longer differentiate, and the high temperature for a long time will kill the seedlings; when the winter greenhouse temperature is too low (below 15 ℃), it enters the dormant period and stops growing. Therefore, we should pay attention to the heat preservation measures of roses to avoid damage and affect the growth.

Roses are resistant to drought, but afraid of waterlogging, the water is a little longer, the lower leaves are yellow, and the plants will die in serious cases, so do not plant roses in low-lying, wet fields to prevent flooding.

The principle of topdressing should be organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium cooperation, a small amount of diligent application. The time of topdressing is to topdressing bud fertilizer in early spring, flower fertilizer in bud stage in May, flower fertilizer in flowering stage, and 20-25 kg of clear dung water and compound fertilizer every 10 days. After harvesting, cut flowers should open trenches around the plant to fill the organic fertilizer, pour enough water after winter, and cut off dead branches, diseased branches and cross branches at the same time, fertilization should be timely, rose growth period needs a lot of organic fertilizer, this is because roses have to repeat the process of branching, sprouting, flowering, growth and development every 45 days. Therefore, the amount of nutrients consumed is very large, and a variety of nutrients need to be supplied continuously in order to ensure that this process can be carried out repeatedly and normally. In the peak growth period, fertilization is usually applied once a week, and available phosphate and potash fertilizer is applied once in the blooming period of pregnant buds.

7. Pruning techniques. Pruning is an important part of rose production management. Because roses bloom on new branches of the year, in order for roses to keep their plants growing vigorously and often produce more and better flowers, they need to be pruned constantly, cut off some old branches and promote new buds. Rose pruning is divided into flowering pruning and dormant pruning. Flowering pruning should be combined with cut flower harvesting, that is, after the first batch of flowers bloom, they will be cut short 10-15 cm above the base of the flower branches, and the second flowering will be of good quality. Pruning during the dormant period leaves 4-5 branches per plant before germination in early spring, cut short 40-50 cm from the ground, 1-2 side branches per branch, and 2 buds per side branch. Pay attention to removing dead and diseased branches.