How to cultivate and manage Asarum under forest

Asarum, alias: Asarum, Herba Asari, Latin name: Asarum sieboldii Miq. Perennial herbs of Aristolochaceae and Asarum; rhizome erect or transverse, 2-3 mm in diameter, 1-2 cm long internodes, with multiple fibrous roots. Leaves usually 2, leaf blade cordate or ovate-cordate, apex acuminate or acute, base deeply cordate, apex rounded, leaf surface sparsely short hairy, densely on veins, leaf dorsal only veined hairy; stamens inserted in middle of ovary, filaments subequal to anthers or slightly longer, connective prominent, short conical; ovary semi-inferior or nearly superior, globose, shorter, stigma lateral. Fruit subglobose, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., brownish yellow. The florescence is from April to May.

The growth environment Asarum is born in the deep and slightly shady part of the humus layer under the forest. It is commonly found in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests and broad-leaved forests, in dense bushes, in slightly moist places at the bottom of the gully, on the edge of forests or under sparse forests on hillsides. Production is produced in the counties of Changbai Mountain and Mid-levels in the east of Jilin Province. The annual output of the province is about 150000 jin. Asarum whole herb contains 2.65% volatile oil. The main components of volatile oil are: methyl eugenol, safrole oil, carvone, borneol and so on. Asarum likes moist and cool environment and is resistant to severe cold [2], so it is better to choose sparse woodland, humus, deep, loose and fertile loam, or shady and moist slope with light sand. Propagate with wild Asarum seedlings, seeds and rhizomes. Dry shade was harvested from May to August.

Land selection and preparation

Wild Asarum is a shade-loving plant growing under the forest. Due to the long-term growth in the moist and fertile humus layer under the forest, it forms a characteristic of like moisture, fertilizer, shade and fear of strong light. It is common in dense bushes, slightly moist places at the bottom of the gully, as well as forest margins and Yanyin wetlands. Therefore, under-forest cultivation should choose forest areas with complete vegetation and fertile soil, first cut down trees that are too dense and do not grow wood, or remove branches that are too dense, generally turn the ground 15cm, and then cuddle out residual root weeds, along the mountain to do border, spare.

Seed propagation and seedling transplanting artificial cultivation of Asarum, seed direct seeding for 5 years can be harvested at one time, and those transplanted after seedling can be harvested for 3-4 years. Sowing and raising seedlings

In the middle and last ten days of June, the fruit changed from purplish red to pink, and the flesh was soft and matured in the shape of powder sand. It should be picked along with ripening, otherwise the seeds would fall off easily and be removed by ants. After the seeds are harvested, rub the peel off and sow the seeds immediately. Seeds must be fresh, and dried seeds will lose their germinating power when stored in a large room for 2 months. If the seeds cannot be sowed in time after seed collection, the newly harvested and scrubbed seeds should be mixed with wet sand and buried for sowing. The sowing date should not be later than the end of July, and the root growth should be affected too late. The sowing methods include sowing, strip sowing and hole sowing. Sow ① on the high border, flatten the surface of the border, make a deep trough of 5cm, cuddle the bottom of the trough and sow seeds. The fresh seeds can be evenly mixed with 5-10 times fine sand and then reseeded. Sowing quantity 20g/ square meters, sowing evenly, covering soil 1.5cm after sowing. ② strip sowed ditches on the border surface according to the row spacing of 10-15cm, ditch depth 1.5cm, seeds mixed with fine sand were evenly scattered into the ditch, covered with soil 1.5cm, and the amount of seeds per mu was 4-5kg. ③ hole sowing on the border surface with wood suppression, according to 10 × 10cm sowing, each hole sowing 5-7 seeds, covered with soil 2cm. The seed consumption per mu is about 2.5kg. Then cover the border with a layer of half-rotten leaves. The above propagation methods can grow for 4-5 years after emergence and can be harvested at one time as a commodity for sale. If the seedlings are transplanted, the seedlings that grow for 2-3 years can be transplanted.

Transplantation of wild Asarum seedlings was carried out from May to 6 months. At this time, Asarum has grown, and other weeds have not yet grown, so it is easy to find and dig. Do not damage the roots and buds when digging seedlings, keep them fresh after digging to prevent drying up, plant along with picking, transplant row spacing 15cm, hole spacing 20cm, and pay attention to the smooth opening of fibrous roots. Seedling transplanting is best carried out before buds germinate in spring and after aboveground plants withered in autumn. If it is a summer transplant, it needs to be watered. When transplanting, horizontal trenching was made on the border surface, row spacing 20cm, plant spacing 6cm. If the soil is easy to harden, hole planting is better. The plant and row spacing can be 25 × 25cm or 20 × 20cm respectively, 3-5 plants per hole, and then covered with soil 4cm.

Fertilization and soil cultivation in field management summed up one of the most important experiences from Asarum production is the application of manure, rapid growth and high yield. It is best to apply rotten pigsty manure and sheep, rabbit and chicken manure, and the effect of combined application of chemical fertilizer containing phosphorus and potassium is better. When the bud of Asarum has not sprouted in spring every year, it can be combined with loose soil, applying calcium superphosphate 50kg per mu, or applying compound fertilizer (or diammonium) 10-20kg. In autumn, fully mature pig manure or sheep manure was spread into the border as cover fertilizer, and 1.5 cm of 1-year-old seedlings were applied to 2-3-year-old seedlings with 3cm thickness. Capping dung can play the role of forced fertilizer, cold protection and moisturization, and anti-freezing. In addition, every spring, summer and autumn, the soil on the working road is used to cultivate the border to prevent Rain Water from scouring the border and exposing overwintering buds, roots and fibrous roots. After artificial cultivation, Asarum can thicken leaves, strengthen photosynthesis and promote growth through fertilization and increasing light. Asarum rhizome is developed, branches are many, whisker roots are thick and long, terminal buds on rhizome nodes are hypertrophy, lateral buds and latent buds form larger overwintering buds, and leaves double in the second year. 3-4 plants were originally planted in each hole, with 6-12 leaves, and 80-200 leaves grew for 5 years. There is a great difference between fertilization and non-fertilization of Asarum.

Weeding and loosening soil in the whole growth process of Asarum, weeding and loosening soil should be carried out 3-5 times a year to keep the border without weeds. Bed cover management removes the mulch from the border when sowing seeds in early April to facilitate seedling emergence. In mid and late April, when the seedlings were basically complete, larch needles were scattered on the border surface to prevent Rain Water from scouring the border surface and soil consolidation, preventing drought and reducing weeds. After adjusting the light and freezing the soil, the crown should be trimmed and the light should be adjusted according to the different ages of Asarum. Asarum can not tolerate drought because it grows in the deep humus soil layer, the root system is underdeveloped, only shallow roots are formed, and can not absorb deep water. Asarum is afraid of strong sunlight and must have sunshade in order to survive. Direct exposure to the hot sun in June for a few hours will kill all Asarum plants; but sufficient oblique flower light will promote the rapid growth of the mouth; if the canopy density of the forest exceeds 70%, it will grow very slowly. Artificial cultivation of Asarum, through fertilization, watering and sufficient oblique flower light, the growth is faster and the yield is higher.

Cover with cold protection in autumn and winter

Before freezing in autumn, it is necessary to cover with fallen leaves or weeds without grass seeds to keep warm, moisturize, prevent frost damage, prevent Asarum buds and roots from withering, and prevent freezing and pulling.