Standardized cultivation techniques of Dutch Bean

Dutch bean (scientific name: Pisum sativum var. Saccharatum) belongs to the genus Pea of Leguminosae, annual twining herb, high 90~180cm. Dutch beans, also known as lotus kernel beans, cut beans, belong to the pea genus of Leguminosae. Mainly edible young pods, native to the Mediterranean coast and western Asia, Dutch beans tender pods crisp fragrance, high nutritional value.

Growth habits of Dutch beans

Lighting requirements: Holland bean long-day plants. Most varieties can blossom earlier when the light is prolonged and delayed when the light is shortened, but some early-maturing varieties are not strict with the light. General varieties require strong light and long-term sunshine during the podding period, but they are not suitable for high temperature and are suitable for planting in the alternating period of spring and summer.

High water demand: Dutch beans require more water throughout the growing period. In the process of seed germination, if the soil moisture is insufficient, the seed can not absorb water and expand, which will greatly delay the emergence of seedlings. The seedling stage can tolerate a certain dry climate. If the air humidity is too low during flowering, it will cause flowers and pods to fall. In the case of high temperature and drought during the pod growth period, the pod fiber will harden earlier and mature prematurely, thus reducing the quality and yield. Therefore, in the whole growing period of Dutch beans, there must be sufficient water supply in order to grow vigorously, with large pods and full seeds, ensuring quality and quantity. But it is not resistant to waterlogging, if the moisture is too large, the seeds are easy to rot after sowing, the roots are easy to rot in the seedling stage, and the disease is easy to occur in the growing period.

Soil conditions: although Dutch bean is not strict on soil, it can be planted on sandy soil or newly reclaimed land with good drainage, but it is suitable to grow in pH6.0-7.2soil and loose neutral soil containing organic matter. When the soil acidity is lower than pH5.5, the disease is easy to occur and the pod setting rate is reduced, so lime should be added to improve it. The root system of pea is deep, slightly tolerant to drought but not resistant to moisture, poor drainage of sowing or seedlings, poor drought and fertilization at flowering stage, and easy to form empty pods or blighted pods. Dutch bean bogey continuous cropping, generally at least 4-5 years rotation.

Cultivation and sowing time: according to the growth habits of its stem, Dutch beans can be divided into three types: dwarf, orchid vine and vine. In the Yangtze River valley, it is cultivated in spring and sown in mid-late February. Planted in autumn and sown in mid-late August. Overwintering cultivation sowed one after another from late October to early November. In the north, it is generally ploughed in spring and harvested in summer, but it can also be cultivated in early spring and autumn.

Dutch beans are semi-cold-resistant vegetables and are not heat-resistant. Seeds begin to germinate slowly at 4 degrees Celsius and can emerge in 4 to 6 days at 16 degrees Celsius to 18 degrees Celsius. The seedlings can tolerate the low temperature of minus 6 degrees Celsius, the optimum temperature for stem growth is 15 degrees Celsius to 20 degrees Celsius, the optimum temperature for flowering and podding period is 15 degrees Celsius to 18 degrees Celsius, and the yield and quality decrease when the temperature exceeds 26 degrees Celsius. Podding period requires long sunshine and lower temperature, avoid high temperature.

Standardized cultivation techniques of Dutch Bean

Variety selection

The varieties of Dutch beans are Zhongshan green, red flower silk pod, Lianyang double flower, American small blue and white, Japanese Chengju and so on. Varieties can be selected according to the needs of various places.

Cultivation season and mode

It was cultivated in solar greenhouse in early spring, sowed from late January to early February and harvested from late April to mid-June. The greenhouse cultivation in early spring was sown from late February to early March and harvested from the first and middle of May to the middle and late June. Spring open-field cultivation was sown in mid-late March and harvested from mid-May to late June. Autumn cultivation in solar greenhouse was postponed for sowing in late July and harvested from mid-October to mid-December. The delayed cultivation in autumn greenhouse was sown in early August and harvested from mid-October to mid-November.

Cultivation techniques

1. Soil preparation and sowing:

To direct seeding, ridge or border cultivation, before sowing 2000 kg of organic fertilizer, 20 kg of superphosphate, ploughing and leveling to make ridges or borders. In order to promote early maturity and reduce the flowering node position, soak the seeds to promote germination before sowing, soak the seeds at room temperature for 2 hours, treat them at 5 degrees Celsius to 6 degrees Celsius for 5 to 7 days, and sow seeds when the buds grow to 5 millimeters. Dry seeds should be watered in time after sowing. Using strip sowing, row spacing 30 to 40 cm, plant spacing 8 to 10 cm, covering soil 2 to 3 cm, 15 kg per mu for dwarf species and 12 kg for trailing species.

2. Field management:

Do not water before emergence, the vegetative growth period after emergence is mainly middle ploughing and weeding, properly watering, as long as it is not dry and cracked. The trailing species set up when the vine is 30 centimeters long. Pour a little water before the bud, but don't water it during the florescence. Holland bean has the ability of nitrogen fixation and does not need a lot of fertilizer, but most varieties have strong growth potential and high cultivation density, which generally need topdressing for 3 times, and apply compound fertilizer 15 kg per mu or 400 kg of human feces and urine for the first time in the long-term application of compound fertilizer 15 kg per mu or 400 kg of human feces and urine. 15 kg per mu of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg of potassium sulfate or potassium chloride, the effect of increasing yield is obvious. When the plant grows to 15 nodes, the heart is removed, and the lower old leaves and yellow leaves are removed to improve ventilation and light transmission. In order to prevent falling flowers and pods, you can use 30 mg per liter of anti-falling element spray.

3. Harvest:

The tender shoots can be harvested at any time, and the young pods are fully enlarged about 10 days after flowering, but the seeds are not full and the color is bright green. For hard pod varieties, only green beans are generally harvested, when the pods are white and green and the beans are fat and full. The harvest of dried beans should be carried out 30 to 40 days after flowering when the pods turn yellow. The harvest should be carried out in the early morning to prevent the pods from bursting.

Pest control

Dutch beans are harmful to cabbage insects and mites during the whole growth period, so permethrin and triclofenac should be used. The main diseases are virus disease and rust, and virus An or virus K, strychnine and copper preparations are used for prevention and control. Medication should be given every 3 to 7 days, depending on the severity of the disease.