How to protect seedlings and field management of spinach in winter

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), also known as Persian food, red root vegetable, parrot vegetable, etc., belongs to spinach genus of subfamily Chenopodiaceae of amaranth family, annual herb. Plants up to 1 meter tall, roots conical, reddish, less white, leaves hastate to ovate, bright green, entire or with a few dentate lobes. There are many kinds of spinach, which can be divided into two varieties: thorn species and non-thorn varieties according to the seed morphology. Spinach originates from Iran and is widely cultivated in China. It is one of the most common vegetables.

Spinach nutrients: vegetarian spinach contains vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, carotene, protein, iron, phosphorus, oxalic acid and so on. Although spinach is a vegetable with more iron, it is not much different from other vegetables. The mistake that caused the misunderstanding of extremely high iron content in spinach occurred in a book published by E. von Wolf in 1870, in which a decimal point of iron content in spinach was printed as a comma, so the number was increased tenfold, and the cartoon of Mariner of Great Power was extended. Contains a lot of plant crude fiber, can promote intestinal peristalsis, conducive to defecation.

Spinach is the whole grass with roots of spinach, a family of amaranth. Spinach is also known as Bosso, red root vegetable, Persian grass and Persian food. Spinach has the effect of moistening and smoothing intestines, clearing away heat and eliminating annoyance. Spinach is rich in nutritional value. Spinach leaves contain zinc 56-68 mg / kg (dry weight), folic acid 1.22 μ g / g, amino acids and lutein, β-carotene, neo-β-carotene B, neo-β-carotene. Carotenoids such as spinach U, also contain α-spinach sterol, cholesterol, sterol esters and sterol glycosides, marigold, spinach leaf, and a cyan fluorescent substance 2-acetyl-3-p-hydroxyphenylacryloyl racemic tartaric acid.

Spinach contains water, carbohydrates, protein, fat, dietary fiber, carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, milling, magnesium and other nutrients.

Spinach has a certain effect on the treatment of constipation and hemorrhoids. In addition, spinach can also promote human health, prevent aging, prevent iron deficiency anemia, and promote the respiratory system; spinach is rich in vitamin C and folic acid, which can enhance the maternal absorption of iron, and is an ideal food for iron deficiency anemia. Dietary fiber in spinach can play a good laxative role.

How to protect seedlings and field management of spinach in winter?

Measures for seedling protection of spinach

First, pour frozen water. Pouring frozen water must be "one fixed" and "two suitable". "Yi Ding" means to decide whether or not to pour frozen water according to the water content of the soil. Generally, the absolute water content of sandy loam soil is less than 15%, loam soil is less than 17%, and clay is less than 20%. Frozen water should be poured. "two suitability" means timely watering and proper watering. The appropriate time to pour frozen water is when the plough layer of the soil can defrost during the day and freeze at night. Proper watering means that the amount of frozen water should not be too large or too small. Generally, it is appropriate to connect the soil moisture on the bottom.

Second, catch up with the overwintering fertilizer. Topdressing overwintering fertilizer can increase the content of soil nutrients, which can be used in winter and spring, and promote the weak to become strong. It is especially important for vegetable fields with low base fertilizer, poor soil fertility and weak seedling condition. Therefore, it should be combined with frozen water topdressing overwintering fertilizer, generally applying urea 10 kg or ammonium sulfate 20 kg per mu, topdressing with water.

Third, mulch to protect against cold. The absolute low temperature in the severe cold period in the northern region is very disadvantageous to the vegetable seedlings to survive the winter safely, so the mulch should be used to prevent the cold to ensure the seedlings to survive the winter safely. Mulching can generally be carried out after all the soil in the plough layer is frozen. The mulch is a farm fertilizer rich in organic matter and crushed and mashed, sprinkling about 1000 kilograms per mu.

Field management measures for spinach overwintering:

1. Overwintering management. It is the overwintering period from the cessation of spinach growth to the return of green in the following spring. In order to prevent cold and drought injury, frozen water can be poured once before freezing; if there is insufficient fertilization, urine water can be mixed. After freezing, it can be covered with horse manure or ring fertilizer to protect the seedlings from overwintering. Before turning green, choose sunny and warm weather, and sprinkle fresh urine after the frost thaws, 1000kg to 2000kg per mu, ending at 3pm to 4pm.

2. Management during the exuberant growth period. In early March of the following year, spinach began to turn green and grow. Therefore, when the temperature is still low, if the soil moisture is good, it can not be watered temporarily, and it is necessary to paddle and hoe to preserve soil moisture; if the soil moisture is not good and the temperature picks up quickly, water can be watered once, and the amount of water should be small rather than large. However, saline-alkali soil can be properly watered and pressed with salt. Wind barrier border and sandy loam, the temperature rises quickly, so it should be irrigated early. After spinach began to grow vigorously, the demand for fertilizer and water surged. In this period, the soil should be kept moist and should not be drought. we should pay close attention to topdressing and watering, promote vegetative growth and delay the bolting period. Generally speaking, urea is 15-20 kilograms per mu. Watering after fertilization, sufficient fertilizer and water, spinach grows fast and can be harvested in 10-15 days. The cultivation methods of wind barrier and plane plastic film mulching (plastic film mulching for 7 days and 10 days) in early spring can achieve the goal of early listing and high yield.

3. Pest control. The main diseases and insect pests of overwintering spinach are downy mildew, anthrax, virus disease, aphid and so on. Downy mildew and anthracnose can be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil 600 times, 25% metalaxyl 700 times 800 times or 40% aluminum ethyl phosphate wettable powder 200 times 300 times at the initial stage of the disease. In addition to crop rotation, virus diseases should also be controlled in time, such as aphids and other virus vectors. Aphids can be controlled with imidacloprid and other agents.