In the time and method of fertilization for fruit trees, there is a large amount of fertilizer from May to July.

The fertilization time of fruit trees is usually from May to July every year, because this period is the peak period of fruit tree growth, its branch and leaf growth, flower bud differentiation, flowering and fruiting and root growth all need to consume a lot of nutrients. The common fertilization methods for fruit trees are furrow fertilization, ring fertilization, acupoint fertilization, radiation ditch fertilization, whole orchard fertilization, foliar spraying, irrigation and bottle fertilization, etc.

First, the time of fertilization for fruit trees

The main results are as follows: 1. The fertilization time and methods of fruit trees are related to the growth environment and growth period, and different kinds of fruit trees will lead to different fertilization methods and time.

2. Unlike other plants, fruit trees need to grow and pick fruit every year, so building branches every year will take away a lot of nutrients, so fruit trees need a lot of fertilizer every year, and May-July every year is the peak growth period of fruit trees. its branch and leaf growth, flower bud differentiation, flowering and fruiting and root growth all need to consume a lot of nutrients.

3. Fruit trees need sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer from young fruit stage to fruit expansion stage, especially nitrogen and potassium, from fruit harvest to defoliation, is the period when trees accumulate nutrients, and the amount of nutrients accumulated has a great influence on bud and flowering in the coming year.

4. Fertilizer based on quick-acting fertilizer should be used for topdressing fruit trees before flowering, which can protect flowers and fruits, improve fruit setting rate and fruit quality, topdressing fruit trees after anthesis, mainly quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, promote rapid and robust growth of new branches, increase photosynthesis, and reduce fruit drop.

5. Topdressing before flower bud differentiation and fruit stage of fruit trees should mainly use organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, which can promote the accumulation of nutrients in fruit trees, make flower buds more full and full differentiation, prevent "big and small years", and be more conducive to the expansion of young fruits. Continued topdressing can promote flower bud differentiation and improve fruit yield and quality.

6. topdressing in the late growth stage of fruit trees, mainly using organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, can prolong the functional period of leaves, increase photosynthesis, provide reserved nutrients for fruit trees, and enrich the differentiation of flower buds. Enhancing the growth of trees has a significant effect.

2. Strip and ditch fertilization method

1. Method: by digging a ditch with depth of 30cm-50cm, width of 20cm-40cm and diameter of ditch less than crown diameter between each row and each tree of fruit trees, the fertilizer needed to nourish fruit trees is applied into the ditch, and the soil can be filled back, but if the soil is evenly mixed with fertilizer and soil to fill the ditch, the soil in the surface layer of soil about 10cm can not be fertilized.

2. Advantages: this method can effectively loosen the soil between fruit trees, improve the soil environment of fruit tree roots, make the fertilizer effect more lasting, and improve the absorption rate of fertilizer nutrients by fruit trees. this method is suitable for applying autumn base fertilizer to fruit trees.

3. Disadvantages: due to the need to dig deep ditches, the investment of manpower and material resources is relatively large.

III. Ring fertilization method

1. The method is to dig a round or semicircular ditch around the fruit tree far from the crown, with a depth of 30cm-50cm and a width of 20cm-40cm, and then apply fertilizer to fill the ditch with soil. This method, also known as wheel fertilization, is suitable for applying autumn base fertilizer to young trees that have been planted for less than 4 years or fruit trees planted on sloping fields.

2. Advantages: it can effectively improve the absorption of fertilizer nutrients in plants, and it is easy to operate.

3. Disadvantages: it is easy to destroy the roots of fruit trees and affect the ecological environment of fruit trees.

Fourth, radiation ditch fertilization method

1. Methods: this method is suitable for fruit trees and fruit trees that have been growing for more than 5 years when topdressing in spring, first taking the trunk of the fruit tree as the center, and then taking the outer edge of the reflection of the crown as the length of the trench. 5-8 radial ditches in different directions can be dug 1m away from the trunk to fertilize. The width of the ditch is 30cm-40cm, the width of the outside is 40cm-50cm, the depth of the ditch is 20cm-30cm, the depth of the outside is 40cm-50cm, the length of the ditch is generally half of the length inside and outside the crown is 60cm-80cm, and then the fertilizer is applied into the ditch and the ditch is filled with soil.

2. Advantages: it can effectively improve the looseness of the soil, will not hurt the root system of fruit trees, expand the fertilization area of fruit trees, and absorb more nutrients of fruit trees.

3. Disadvantages: you can't always use the fertilizer application point, and you have to change your position every year.

5. Fertilizer application in the whole garden

1. Method: this method is most frequently used by fruit growers, directly spreading fertilizer evenly on all the soil in the orchard, and then rotary ploughing or turning soil 20cm, which is generally suitable for fruit trees with dense fruit trees, well-developed roots and adult fruit trees.

2. Advantages: it is easy to operate and can be used back and forth alternately with the radiation ditch fertilization method, which can make the best use of fertilizer.

3. Disadvantages: it will cause the roots of fruit trees to float up and lead to the decrease of drought resistance and frost resistance of fruit trees, and the amount of fertilizer used is large, and the utilization rate of fertilizer is very low.

VI. Acupoint fertilization method

1. Methods: digging holes in the vertical projection edge of the fruit tree crown, each fruit tree should dig 8-12 fertilizer holes, each hole is deep 30cm-40cm, and the diameter of each hole is about 30cm. Fill it with soil after adding fertilizer, which is suitable for orchards with high density. It is also suitable for orchards with high density, and it is also suitable for orchards in the young fruit stage and fruit expansion period. Attention should be paid to digging holes evenly around the crown, so that fertilizer can be evenly absorbed by fruit trees.

2. Advantages: it is conducive to the decomposition of microorganisms, reduce the loss of fertilizer in the soil, not easy to damage the root system of fruit trees, but also make fertilizer can be quickly absorbed by fruit trees.

3. Disadvantages: if there is no uniform digging and application of fertilizer holes, it will lead to the phenomenon of "rootless zone" in fruit trees.

7. Foliar fertilizer spraying

1. Methods: nitrogen fertilizer is generally sprayed in combination with phosphate and potassium fertilizer in the early and late growth stages, and the spraying concentration is 0.3% May 0.5%; generally, phosphate fertilizer is sprayed with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 1% calcium superphosphate filtrate, which is mostly used in the middle and later stages of fruit trees; potash fertilizer is generally sprayed with 0.3% plant ash filtrate or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and can also be used in the middle and later stages of fruit trees. Trace element fertilizer is generally sprayed with 0.3% borax solution before and after flowering and 0.3% iron supplement concentration during ferrous sulfate growth period. Generally, fertilizer is dissolved in water and sprayed on the foliar surface, which can be used as an auxiliary way for fruit trees to get rid of nutrients quickly after buried soil fertilization, and can only be used in the critical period of fruit tree growth.

2. Advantages: cost saving, less fertilizer, uniform supply of nutrients, high utilization effect, can be used alone or with other suitable ones.

3. Disadvantages: excessive spraying will seriously affect the root growth of fruit trees and lead to fertilizer damage of fruit trees, especially in the period of high temperature, it is more likely to cause fertilizer damage, and it is also easy to cause drug damage or fertilizer damage when matching drugs or fertilizers, so it is usually sprayed every 13 or so.

The method of irrigation and fertilizer application

1. Method: this is a new type of integrated fertilization method of water and fertilizer, which is used in orchards with high density and connected canopies, dissolving fertilizer and water together and using sprinkler irrigation or eyedroppers of fruit trees.

2. Advantages: save time and effort, water and fertilizer are irrigated together, the utilization rate of fertilizer is greatly improved, and there is no harm to the root system of fruit trees, let alone root burning.

3. Disadvantages: large investment in the early stage, if the use of water is too large, it will lead to uneven fertilization and nutrient loss of fertilizer.

9. The method of transporting fertilizer by hanging bottle

1. Methods: hang bottles containing fertilizer solution or drugs for controlling diseases and insect pests on trees, and use injections to provide nutrition or pesticides to branches and leaves through branches and leaves, which are generally used in emergency. It is used to produce plant deficiency or to control insect pests. It can be used in spring and winter, but it cannot be used 40 days before fruit harvest.

2. Advantages: it will not be affected by the root system of fruit trees, and can be effective in a short time. The fertilizer effect is tens of times higher than that of foliar spraying, and it has a fertilizer effect of 1-2 years, saving medicine, fertilizer and water, and less manpower input.

3. Disadvantages: fertilizer can only be transported in ducts, and can not be used in young trees and fruit trees with thin trunks, which is easy to cause mechanical damage and be attacked by harmful bacteria.