Control techniques of common diseases and insect pests in pistachio trees

Pistachio tree is a kind of slow-growing plant, which is relatively old and takes six years from planting to fruiting. The dried fruit made from its fruit is very popular in our country, and the price is not cheap. In addition, pistachio tree is also a kind of tree species which is beneficial to soil and water conservation. In the process of planting pistachio trees, they will also be attacked by diseases and insect pests. Let's take a look at the prevention and control techniques of common diseases and insect pests in pistachio trees.

Pistachio diseases are mainly root rot, leaf spot, gum disease, rust, branch blight and so on. The main pests are peach aphid, brown wax scale, Hawthorn spider mite and so on.

1. Root rot

Root rot is a soil-borne disease. The occurrence and spread of root rot are mainly related to soil moisture and the activities of diseases and insect pests, such as root-knot nematodes, soil pathogens, soil moisture, soil temperature, agricultural operations and other factors.

At present, chemicals are one of the most important methods to control root rot, which mainly adopts the scheme of early protection and late treatment.

Seed treatment: seed dressing is the most commonly used method of seed treatment, and it is also one of the important ways to prevent seedling diseases. Most commonly used medications use 62.5% metalaxyl. Fipronil, 3-4ml/kg seeds, not only has a good prevention effect on root rot, but also has a good control effect on other seedling diseases such as Fusarium wilt, evil seedling disease and so on.

Seedbed treatment: sterilize the seedbed before raising seedlings to prevent root rot. More than 50% carbendazim was used for seedbed treatment, with a dosage of 400-500g per mu and applied with water. Covering with film for 5-7 days after application can have a good effect of sterilization and disinfection.

For biological control of crop root rot, Bacillus amylolyticus + Bacillus subtilis can be used for biological control. At the initial stage of the disease, it is recommended to apply 150-200g per mu with small water, and when the disease is serious, it is recommended to irrigate the root with 10-15g 15kg. If the incidence of root rot is serious, it is recommended to irrigate the root again at an interval of about 7 days.

Grafting is one of the effective methods to control root diseases. Selecting rootstocks with developed roots can prevent the effects of continuous cropping diseases to a great extent. After watering or heavy rain, timely loosening of soil is beneficial to running entropy on the one hand and air permeability of root system on the other hand. But you need to be careful not to hurt the roots of the crop.

2. Leaf spot

Leaf spot disease is caused by local infection of leaf tissue, which leads to various shape spot disease. leaf spot disease can cause leaf withering, deciduous leaves or perforation, serious branches die, and even lead to the death of the whole fig tree.

Select disease-free plant cultivation, reasonable fertilization and rotation, planting density should be suitable, in order to facilitate ventilation and light, reduce the temperature, pay attention to watering methods, and avoid sprinkler irrigation. Thoroughly remove the fallen leaves and dead plants and burn them centrally.

3. Peach aphid

According to the outbreak time of peach aphid, it is the key to control the aphid in advance and choose the right medicine. It is particularly important to use chemical pesticides for the first three times, and the combination of quick effect and persistent effect should be considered, and it is more difficult to control after leaf rolling.

The first time of control: Hualuhong, which is the peak period for the first generation of nymph to hatch from overwintering eggs.

The time of the second control: the flowers fell behind and the new leaves began to grow. If it is not sprayed in time, it will be more difficult to control after leaf curling occurs. The third time of prevention and treatment: young fruit stage, with an interval of 10 days after the second medication.