How to grow apples in order to get a good yield? What are the main points of harvest?

Apple is one of the more fruits eaten in daily life, which is rich in fruit aroma, sweet taste, many varieties and great price difference. Apples are planted in Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other places in China, so how to plant apples in order to achieve high yield? What are the main points of harvest?

First, how to grow apples in order to achieve a high yield?

1. The main points of building a garden

The location of the garden is leeward to the sun, loose and fertile soil, convenient irrigation, convenient transportation of hills, mountains, slopes for the best, not in valleys and other low-lying places. The water quality of irrigation should be clean, the orchard should be well ventilated and transparent, and the hospital garbage and withered branches and leaves should be removed regularly to maintain a good environment in the hospital. The planting density of the newly-built orchard should be small, and the row spacing should be about 2m × 4m in order to ensure the requirement of light.

1. Key points of fertilization

The base fertilizer is mainly based on poultry manure, which must be fermented first, and the fertilization time is late October. Topdressing can be carried out in three periods: before germination, after flowering and the expansion period of fruit trees. Nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer before germination, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and other fertilizers are used after flowering, and phosphorus and potash fertilizer are mainly used in the expansion period of fruit trees.

The demand for nutrition of apple trees is different in different growth stages, and fine fertilization is needed according to the growth stage in order to achieve the purpose of efficient use of fertilizer.

3. Pruning work

Look at the development of new branches under the cutting mouth of seedlings in summer, and set aside suitable main branches. Non-main branches left short stakes or twisted tips, other branches treatment. Winter pruning includes truncation, retraction, thinning and so on. In order not to affect the growth of the main branch, the temporary branch should be allowed to bear fruit as soon as possible. In the early fruit stage, the external pulling force of the main branch should be properly increased, resulting in weak inside and strong outside, so that the lateral branches can grow stably and bear fruit on the main branch, so that the fruiting branch group on the main branch can be cultivated.

4. Flower and fruit management

The amount of fruit can be retained according to branch-fruit ratio, leaf-fruit ratio or distance. Too many flowers and fruits should be removed in time, the load of fruit trees should be controlled, the strength of fruit trees should be maintained, the fruit body should be enlarged, and the problem of age and age should be avoided. Thinning of fruits and vegetables should be carried out during the whole cycle of fruit growth.

5. prevention of diseases and insect pests

It is very important in the process of fruit growth and ripening of diseases and insect pests. After defoliation and before germination, the orchard should be thoroughly cleaned and sprayed with fungicides and insecticides respectively to reduce the number of diseases and pests. The growing season of the fruit should be sprayed with pesticides at intervals of about 20 days. In case of rainfall, supplementary spraying can be carried out appropriately until the end of September of that year. Pesticides should be based on biological pesticides.

Second, what are the main points of apple harvest?

1. Picking the bag of fruit

Bagged fruits are usually picked 10-20 days before fruit picking. First remove the outer paper bag, keep the inner red paper bag, then go to the inner bag for 3-7 days, choose cloudy or cloudy weather to remove the bag, sunny day should be 9-11:00, 3-5 pm to remove the bag, strictly prevent high temperature time to remove the bag, to prevent sunburn.

2. Laying reflective film

Usually, the upper part of the crown has good light conditions, the apple is easy to fully color, but the middle and lower part of the light condition is poor, the fruit coloring is difficult, especially in the calyx depression of the fruit, which affects the appearance quality of the apple. In order to solve this problem, after the apple bag is removed, the silver reflective film can be banded on the tree plate or between the rows, and the reflected light can be used to promote the fruit surface to be colored evenly.

3. Timely and late mining

According to the investigation, the average daily weight of middle and late ripening red apple varieties increased by about 1g and the content of anthocyanin in pericarp increased rapidly from 20 to 30 days before maturity. Therefore, in the appropriate harvest period, the later the harvest, the better the coloring and the better the quality, the more beneficial to the sugar and color of the fruit.