Introduction to the key points of cultivation techniques of plum trees

Plum tree is a common fruit tree in southern China, and different varieties have different requirements for planting environment. Plum tree not only has edible fruit, but also has certain ornamental value, so it is suitable to be used as a landscaping tree. Let's take a look at the key points of the cultivation techniques of plum trees.

1. Planting time of plum trees

Plum trees are generally divided into autumn planting and spring planting. Autumn planting is carried out from defoliation to soil freezing. The advantage is that the wound can heal and send out fibrous roots in that year, and it can take root in time next spring, that is, the slow seedling period is short, the survival rate is high, and the growth is good. In areas where there is more autumn rain and drought in spring, it is appropriate to plant in autumn, but we should pay attention to the cold prevention work before the arrival of severe winter, so as to avoid winter draining and freezing injury. Spring planting is planted after soil thawing to before seedling sprouting, and spring planting is best in areas with irrigation conditions. In addition, due to the short frost-free period and severe cold winter in Northeast, Northwest, Northern North China and Inner Mongolia, spring planting is the best. The methods of digging planting pits in summer and autumn, storing rain and snow and planting in spring can not only have a high survival rate of plum trees, but also save the work of cold prevention of newly planted young trees.

2. Key points of cultivation techniques of plum trees.

1. Key points of fertilization

Base fertilizer: base fertilizer is the basic fertilizer that can supply plum trees with a variety of nutrients for a long time, generally with late-acting farm manure, such as compost, barnyard manure, crop straw, green manure, deciduous leaves and so on. It is better to apply basic fertilizer in autumn, adult plum trees, and each plant should apply 50 kilograms of farm manure.

Topdressing: topdressing before flowering. Ten days before the plum sprouting (early April), the plum tree can apply 0.5ml 1kg quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer or 252,2, watering points.

Plum trees need a certain amount of water in all phenological periods of the year. Before sprouting and young fruit expansion, irrigation should be carried out during the growing period of new shoots, and frozen water should be irrigated once before winter. In addition, plum trees are afraid of waterlogging, so plum orchards should repair the drainage system to avoid waterlogging.

3. Pruning technology

Summer pruning refers to pruning in the growing season, which is generally carried out from mid-June to early July.

Twist. The tip of the new shoot is sprained, but it is not broken. Generally valuable overgrown branches can be used to restrain their growth. Twisting should be carried out when the growth length of the new shoot is long enough, and the sprained site should be in the semi-Lignification area.

Pick the heart. The growing point of branches should be removed during the growth period, and the specific time should be determined according to the variety, cultivation conditions and purpose.

Girdling. When the new shoots nearly stopped growing, the trunk or branches of prosperous trees were peeled in a ring, and the peeling width was about 1 × 10 of the diameter of the strips, and the flower-promoting effect was obvious.

4. Control methods of diseases and insect pests

Dig deep into the orchard in winter and bury the pear bee larvae into the depths. At the flower bud stage, the plum tree killed 4000 times of the liquid with 20%, and killed the unearthed pear bee-eating adult on the soil surface under the crown.

After flowering, spray 50% fenitrothion emulsion 1000 times to control peach weevil and pear heart borer.

In late May, when it was found that the mulberry scale was dispersed and transferred, 80% dichlorvos emulsion 1000 times was sprayed to control aphids.