What are the common varieties of tea? What are the planting points?

Tea drinking is a tradition in China, and tea cultivation has a very long history, but it was first used as a sacrifice. Tea picked in different seasons can also be divided into spring tea, summer tea, autumn tea and winter tea. Tea has higher requirements for the planting environment. Let's take a look at the common varieties of tea. What are the main points of planting?

What are the common varieties of tea?

1. Green tea

The preparation of "green leaf green soup" goes through three processes: killing, kneading and drying. Longjing tea and Biluochun tea are the most famous. Longjing tea is produced in Shifeng, Wuyun Mountain, Tiger running Mountain and Longjing in the West Lake of Hangzhou.

2. Yellow tea

The production process has more stuffy processes than the green tea process. The treasure is Junshan Silver Needle Tea, which is produced on a small island called Jun Mountain in Dongting Lake.

3. Black tea

The method is divided into four processes: withering, kneading, fermentation and drying. The most famous is "Qihong", which is produced in Qimen County, Anhui Province. It is tight, thin and long, and the soup is red and bright. The aroma is like fruit and flowers. When drinking, it is mellow, refreshing and long-lasting, with a rich aftertaste and fragrant taste.

4. Black tea

Black tea is characterized by "leaf color oil black or brownish green, soup orange or brown red". The main method is to change color in the pile, that is, after the tea is rolled and rolled, the pile is piled for more than 20 hours, so that the color of the leaves becomes oil black. The outstanding black teas are Pu'er tea and Liubao tea.

Second, what are the main points of tea cultivation?

1. Construction of tea garden

Tea can be cultivated in hilly areas, mountains and semi-mountainous areas with an elevation of more than 300 meters and a slope of less than 25 degrees, where there are acid plants such as Yingshanhong, Masson Pine, Camellia oleifera, etc., and where the soil layer is more than 1 meter and the groundwater level is below 1 meter.

2. Seedling preparation

If the production of black tea, it is appropriate to use Ye Qi or better varieties, green tea should use Fuding Dabai or better varieties, seeds are required to be insect-free and mildew-free, and the germination rate of tea is above 75%. If you raise your own seedlings or transfer them from other places, the height of the seedlings is about 25 cm, and the diameter of the rhizome is more than 3 mm.

3. Planting specification and density

If the row spacing of single or double strips is 150 cm, the distance between holes is 30-40 cm, and 2 seedlings are planted in each hole to sow 4-5 tea seeds.

4. Apply base fertilizer

Generally adopt ditch fertilization, ditch depth 60 cm, ditch width 50-60 cm, application of farm organic fertilizer 1-2 tons per mu, tea special compound fertilizer or phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 50 kg, fertilizer-soil mixing degree to cover the ground.

5. Planting and sowing

It is advisable to plant tea in October and in the first ten days of March of the following year. It is better to plant 3-4 cm deep rhizome, press the soil of tea clover, pour enough water, and cover the soil with bran shell or film to keep water and control temperature.

6. Post-planting management

After planting a growing period, replenish seedlings before the beginning of autumn or early winter or before the early spring of the following year.

Young tea garden management according to the growth of weeds, grass depth of 5-10 cm, more than 30 times, combined with seedling topdressing, deep ploughing of 15-20 cm a year in autumn, planting green manure between rows in the first three years to improve soil and fertilize soil fertility.

In the management of young tea trees, when the seedling height is 30 cm and the main branch is more than 3 mm thick, a stereotyped pruning should be carried out. The upper part of the main branch should be cut off 10-15 cm from the ground, and the branches under the main branch should be trimmed once a year, so that the crown is flattened before sealing, and the transition into an arc, and the tree width is accelerated by the method of flattening and then arc shaping, and the tree height is finally controlled by 70-90 cm and the coverage is more than 80%.

After tea planting, base fertilizer is applied every 1-2 years, and after closing the garden in autumn, 5-10 tons of organic fertilizer is applied in the center of the row, and 50 kg of compound fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are suitable. Quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied three times in March, May and July every year, according to the growth needs of tea trees, foliar fertilizer can be applied.