What are the cultivation techniques of pollution-free vegetables? Need to do these four points!

Food safety is related to people's health, vegetables are what we often eat, because it is very important to achieve pollution-free in the process of growing vegetables. So, what are the cultivation techniques of pollution-free vegetables? Need to do these four points!

1. Select a parcel

As the site condition for the production of pollution-free vegetable plots, it should be a pollution-free area of water quality and atmosphere three kilometers away from factories and hospitals. The planting land shall be convenient for drainage and irrigation, and the irrigation water quality shall meet the requirements of the state. The soil should be selected with deep and fertile soil layer, good structure, and organic matter content of more than 2-5%. The area of the base has a certain scale, the continuous piece of land is convenient for rotation and transportation is convenient.

2. Sowing management

Select high-quality and stress-resistant varieties; carry out soil and seed treatment; deeply turn high border and sun-dried fields with a depth of not less than 30cm; cultivate strong seedlings, timely planting, reasonable close planting, plant adjustment, clear garden and pick up residues; select horticultural facilities such as non-dripping film, multi-functional composite film, sunshade net, insect prevention net, etc.; use aerosol and dust agents; advocate soil high temperature disinfection, generally do not advocate burning straw to kill diseases and pests.

3. Timely fertilization

Select mature barnyard manure, compost and other organic fertilizer, supplemented by mineral chemical fertilizer. The use of municipal waste fertilizer is prohibited. Lettuce, coriander and other raw vegetables prohibit human and animal manure as topdressing. Strictly control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application, otherwise it may cause nitrate accumulation in vegetables.

(1) popularize the application of fertilizers: mature organic fertilizer, biological bacterial fertilizer and high quality foliar fertilizer. Straw returned to the field must be strictly covered with soil pressure, and added human and animal manure to facilitate decomposition; green manure deeply turned 15cm at full flowering stage, soil pressure was strict, and 15-20 days after green pressing, sowing and transplanting. Apply more cake fertilizer, limit fertilizer application, control inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, advocate the combined use of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer, organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen is 1:1, about 1000kg barnyard manure plus urea 20kg.

(2) forbidden to apply fertilizer: nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, hospital manure, municipal garbage, harmful and inferior fertilizer.

(3) Application method: scientific formula fertilization, N, P, K combined use.

(4) Base fertilizer: it must be fully applied to improve soil fertility. Adequate organic fertilizer is the primary need for growing vegetables. Organic fertilizer can provide comprehensive and lasting nutrition for vegetables. Organic fertilizer not only contains the nutrients needed by vegetables, but also has the function of improving soil and fertilizing. According to the regional climate temperature, the annual consumption per mu is about 2000kg, but under the condition of greenhouse, the maintenance amount of organic fertilizer is 4-5 times of the general amount, and should be replenished year after year in order to maintain soil fertility. If the application of organic fertilizer is insufficient year after year, it will lead to the decline of soil fertility and soil fatigue, thus affecting the quality and yield of vegetables. Combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, three-element compound fertilizer 20-35kg. The soil was applied 7-10 days before planting, and mixed application.

(5) topdressing: 10kg compound fertilizer per mu, the full fruit stage can be increased to 20-30kg, the last topdressing should be carried out 30 days before harvest, and 20 days for green leafy vegetables. 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed every 10 days after the young fruit.

4. Pest control

(1) Agricultural prevention and control

A set of agricultural measures such as selecting resistant (tolerant) varieties of diseases and insect pests, fitness cultivation and reasonable rotation can improve the stress resistance of vegetables and reduce the damage of diseases and insect pests.

(2) physical control

It is an ideal pollution-free control method by creating ecological conditions that are not conducive to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests but conducive to or not hindering the growth of vegetables.

(3) Biological control

Biological control is a method to control or reduce the harmful degree of harmful animals and plants and harmful microorganisms by using organisms or their metabolites.

(4) Chemical control

Pollution-free vegetables are not free from the use of chemical pesticides, chemical pesticides are effective means to control vegetable diseases and insect pests, especially in the epidemic of diseases and insect pests, the key is how to use them scientifically and rationally, not only to prevent and control diseases and insect pests, but also to reduce pollution, so that pesticide residues in listed vegetables can be controlled within the allowable range.

For the development of pollution-free vegetables, the key point is to select and improve the production base, make the planting process harmless, and detect the "three hurdles" of residual toxicants in vegetables. pay attention to the "six links" of producing environment, variety selection, cultivation of strong seedlings, fitness cultivation, pest control and quality inspection. Generally speaking, it is to take technical measures for pollution-free vegetable production to make the environment, production process and product quality of the base meet the requirements of pollution-free standards.