What are the main points of pollution-free planting techniques of white radish?

White radish is a common vegetable, as the saying goes, "eat radish in winter and ginger in summer". It is also a nourishing food in winter, containing mustard oil, amylase and crude fiber, which can promote digestion, enhance appetite, accelerate gastrointestinal peristalsis and relieve cough and expectoration. So, what is the key point of pollution-free planting technology of white radish?

1. Soil preparation and fertilization

Select the non-pollution plot, on the basis of applying sufficient base fertilizer, break the stubble and prepare the soil, and turn the 30cm deeply in autumn. The soil preparation of stubble and multiple cropping plots should be carried out immediately after the previous crop harvest, remove stubble and weeds, apply high quality farm fertilizer 45t/ ha, mix diammonium phosphate or compound fertilizer 300~450kg/ ha to make bottom fertilizer ridging, ridge width 55~60cm, ridge height 25cm.

In order to control underground pests, 50% phoxim EC 52.5L/ was mixed into poisonous soil and applied in ridges and furrows with base fertilizer strips (high toxic and high residual pesticides are prohibited). The organic fertilizer applied must be fully mature, otherwise it is easy to damage the main root, form different roots and affect the yield. Fly maggots are the main pests that harm the growth of radish and have the habit of tending to rotten organic matter, which should be paid attention to in production.

2. Sowing seeds

The sowing time is from June 25 to July 5. Sowing on demand with high ridges or planting with water, the sowing rate is 00~75kg/ / ha, the plant distance is 23cm, and the seedlings are protected by 7.0 ~ 75000 plants / ha. There are 4-5 seeds in each hole, and the seeds are scattered in the hole and covered with soil 2cm, so as to make the seeds in close contact with the soil, prevent the phenomenon of "sprouting" caused by drought and stagnant water, and ensure that the seedlings are whole and strong.

3. Field management

(1) Interseedling

The interseedling should not be premature, because the fleshy root is formed by the Hypocotyl elongation, and the proper evening seedling is beneficial to the Hypocotyl elongation, and the interseedling can be completed in 2 times, the first time is in 3 true leaves, 2 seedlings are left in each hole, and the second time, the seedlings are fixed in 5 true leaves, leaving 1 strong seedling in each hole.

(2) Intermediate tillage

Ploughing loose soil, promoting root growth and development, so that the main root deep. Require deep hoe furrow, shallow hoe ridge back. The wet hoe is deep, the dry hoe is shallow, the beginning is shallow, the middle is deep, and does not hurt the main root.

(3) Water and fertilizer management

Enter the belly breaking stage, control water squatting seedlings, watering fleshy roots during the expansion period, maintain field water capacity of about 60%, when the base fertilizer is insufficient, combined with watering and topdressing, topdressing urea and potassium sulfate 150~225kg/ ha, far away from the seedling 10cm, it can also be sprayed with 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other foliar fertilizer, the effect of increasing yield is obvious.

4. Pest control

(1) Agricultural control, selecting disease-resistant varieties according to local conditions or making use of comprehensive cultivation measures to prevent diseases and reduce the use of pesticides; crop rotation, removal of diseased plant residues in the field, deep ploughing and soil preparation to reduce the base of diseases and insect pests; applying net fertilizer, organic fertilizer must be fully mature and irrigated with clean water.

(2) physical control

Set up anti-insect net, use black light to trap and kill adults, use silver gray film to avoid aphids, and do a good job of seed disinfection to prevent virus.

(3) Biological control

Protect natural enemies, create environmental conditions conducive to the survival of natural enemies, and choose biological agents or pesticides with low lethality to natural enemies, such as imidacloprid, avermectin, Bacillus thuriensis and so on.

(4) Pesticide control

Promote the use of pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residues, and prohibit the use of pesticides with high toxicity and high residues. When using chemicals, strictly follow the safety standards promulgated by the state to ensure the production of pollution-free agricultural products.

5. Harvest and processing

Generally, the harvest begins in early September. Before processing, the top of the radish is cut to the leaf root, washed with clean water and frequently changed to produce white radish strips. The cutting tools are generally designed by themselves, and the "five knives" are processed into 1cm strips; the "one knife" is processed into triangular strips, which is divided into 4 large pieces, and the thicker radish is processed into 680 pieces, and the triangular strips are not easy to be too fine and are processed strictly according to the requirements. The processed radish strips should be hung in a ventilated place to dry, preferably in the first row of the field, divided into upper, middle and lower three floors, and an elevated structure should be built when the courtyard is dried. The distance between the radish strips and the ground is not less than 1.2m, and the radish strips can be removed from the shelves after 9% drying. The length of the strips is separated into 0.5kg/ bundles, solid and required to be neatly bundled and dried in a ventilated place for sale.

The cultivation of pollution-free white radish should give priority to the use of comprehensive agricultural control technology, the combination of biological control and physical control, scientific and rational application of chemical control methods, minimize the use and residue of pesticides, and produce white radish in line with national standards.