How to grow yam? The technology of high yield of Chinese yam must be mastered.

The nutritional value of Chinese yam is very high. It has the functions of invigorating the spleen, tonifying the lung, strengthening the kidney, benefiting essence and so on. It has therapeutic effect on some diseases of the elderly, and the market demand is increasing year by year. So how to grow yam? Let's take a look at the high-yield technology of yam.

First, select excellent varieties of Chinese yam

To produce high-quality yam, new varieties of Zhenping yam, coarse cow leg yam, Nongda Changyam No. 1, Nongda flat yam No. 1, Nongda frameless yam, Japanese white yam, Tianyanjia yam, flower seed yam, Japanese Daiwa taro, etc., should be selected for disease resistance, strong stress resistance, fertilizer and water resistance, high yield, good quality and storage resistance.

Second, select high-quality plots for planting

Select the land with high terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, and shelter from the wind and the sun; it is required that the groundwater level is below 4 meters, the thickness of the plough layer is more than 20 cm, the soil contains 2% organic matter, and the sandy loam with 0.15% total nitrogen is a high-yield field. Continuous cropping of Chinese yam is extremely avoided, especially heavy furrow planting, which can easily cause serious diseases and reduce yield due to the imbalance of soil nutrients. According to the survey, the output of continuous cropping has been reduced by more than 30% for two years, and by 40% to 50% for three years.

Third, adopt the method of digging ditch and applying fertilizer.

Plough 30 cm deep before winter to promote soil ripening. In the middle of February of the following year, trenches were dug according to the row spacing of 0.9: 1 meters, with a depth of 1.4 meters and a width of 0.25 meters. Immediately after digging, fill the soil back in the ditch, and pay attention to cleaning up the cement in the ditch when filling. Each filling is 30 cm thick and pressed once to prevent the border from collapsing in the rainy season and to avoid the bending of tuber branches after yam planting.

After filling the ditch, use the remaining soil and mature high-quality ring fertilizer to mix evenly according to the soil fertilizer at 2:1, and build a soil ridge with a width of 0.5m and a height of 0.4m to prevent Rain Water from entering the ditch and causing collapse. Generally, 10000 kg of rotten high-quality ring fertilizer and chicken manure, 150kg of cake fertilizer, 50kg of superphosphate and 200kg of plant ash are applied every 667m2. The method of fertilization is to apply fertilizer evenly between the two ridges, turn it into the soil with a shovel, step on it and flatten it with your feet, and then complete the matching of the field water system according to the topography and landform, so as to facilitate drainage and waterlogging or irrigation in the dry season.

IV. Treatment of Chinese yam species

The main results are as follows: 1. Choose the upper segment of the tuber with a bright diameter of more than 3 cm before winter, or the upper mouth as the seed stem, which is 35 cm to 40 cm long. No mildew spot, no disease spot, no rot is required. The seed quality of yam is better than that of finished yam, and the yield is quite different.

In the middle of March, take the upper tuber segments, each 15-20 cm long, then dip in the cut with quicklime powder and bask for 3-5 sunny days.

3. Put the cut yam outdoors and irradiate it with sunlight for 5-7 days to increase the bound water content of seeds and promote the formation of callus. The fourth is to "soak". Before planting, soak the seed stem with more than 40% carbendazim glue 300 times solution for 15 minutes, fish it out and dry it after planting.

Fifth, cover the film

Chinese yam is suitable to be planted at the end of March and the beginning of April. The plant spacing is 0.23 to 0.25 meters, and the planting density is 2600 to 2900 plants per 667 square meters. The method of planting the stem is to open a ditch on the soil ridge, the ditch is 10 cm deep, put the seed stem or mouth flat in the ditch, cover the soil 5 cm thick, step on and level it, and then cover the plastic film. According to the multi-point investigation, the mulched seedlings can emerge early for about 15 days, and the seedlings emerge neatly, the stems and leaves grow fast, and the full shelf period is 33 days earlier.

VI. fertilization and watering methods of Chinese yam

After the emergence of Chinese yam, the seedling fertilizer should be applied appropriately according to the seedling condition. Generally, 20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 15 kg of calcium superphosphate can be applied every 667 square meters. In mid-June, entering the growing period of vines and potato tubers, when underground tubers began to expand rapidly, 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 20 kg of calcium superphosphate and 50 kg of plant ash should be applied every 667 square meters. In the middle of August, according to the plant growth and appearance for pest control, 1% urea and 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed on the leaves, once every 10 days, 3 times in a row for 4 times to prevent plant premature senescence.

In the watering management of yam, attention should be paid to keeping the soil moist during the peak period of tuber growth, and if there is no drought, there will be no irrigation.