What is the difference between wild Ganoderma lucidum and artificially cultivated Ganoderma lucidum? A complete set of techniques for artificial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum

Ganoderma lucidum is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, but the price of wild Ganoderma lucidum is far from that of artificially cultivated Ganoderma lucidum. So what's the difference between wild Ganoderma lucidum and artificially cultivated Ganoderma lucidum? What are the techniques of artificial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum?

What's the difference between wild Ganoderma lucidum and artificially cultivated Ganoderma lucidum?

Method 1: look at the color and shape of Ganoderma lucidum. Wild Ganoderma lucidum is mostly born in deep mountains and old forests, next to weeds and rocks. Because of its different growth environment, its shape and color are also different. On the other hand, most of the artificially cultivated Ganoderma lucidum are more uniform and the color is roughly the same.

Method 2: look at the worm eye. Because wild Ganoderma lucidum grows in the wild, without artificial intervention, it will inevitably be attacked by insect pests, so some irregular wormeyes will be left under Ganoderma lucidum. However, artificially cultivated Ganoderma lucidum generally uses pesticides to control insect pests, and there are almost no insect eyes.

Method 3: look at the grass stalk. Wild Ganoderma lucidum often has natural elements in the wild. Wild Ganoderma lucidum growth environment is overgrown with weeds, it is inevitable that there will be grass stalks intertwined with Ganoderma lucidum.

Method 4: the mud of Ganoderma lucidum feet. Wild Ganoderma lucidum must be picked with soil, and the soil is so strong that it is difficult to break apart. And wild Ganoderma lucidum is certainly not all collected in one place, so the soil it carries will certainly not be the soil of one place.

2. Artificial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum

1. Site selection

Ganoderma lucidum can be cultivated indoors or outdoors, general substitutes are cultivated indoors, and short wood is cultivated outdoors. Because the suitable temperature of Ganoderma lucidum is 25 ℃ ~ 28 ℃, the selection of sites requires places with enough light in spring and autumn and cool in summer. The semi-basement is more suitable for the warm and wet conditions of Ganoderma lucidum. And outside, under the shade, you can also build an artificial shade.

two。 Season arrangement

The short wood can be inoculated from March to April, the substitute material can be inoculated at the end of April and the beginning of May, the inoculation ends at the end of July and the beginning of August, and the harvest ends at the beginning of October.

3. Stick hair bacteria

(1) Formula of nurturing materials:

Formula 1: hard sawdust 78%, wheat bran (or rice bran) 20%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%

Formula 2: cottonseed hull (or rattan residue) 78%, wheat bran 15-20%, gypsum 1-2%, sugar 1%, urea 0.4%, calcium superphosphate 0.6%.

The water content of the above cultivation materials is 60%, and the pH value is 5.5-6.

(2) bagging and sterilization

Plastic bags choose low-pressure polyethylene, specification 60cm × 15cm, thick 4-5 wire, each bag contains 1 kg of dry material, the bag must be packed. A small number of cultivation, can adopt manual loading while pressing material with wooden sticks; large-scale cultivation, can be bagged by bagging machine. Fasten the mouth of the bag and seal it tightly after bagging. Bagging on the same day and sterilization on the same day. Sterilization should be maintained for 10-12 hours after the high temperature was raised to 100 ℃.

(3) inoculation and transmission of bacteria

After the temperature of the bag drops to 30 ℃, inoculate in the inoculation box or inoculation room according to aseptic operation. Inoculation method: use the sterilized punch to punch 5 holes on the surface of the bag, arrange them in a straight line at an equal distance, with a pore diameter of 1.2-1.5 cm, and then use tweezers to pick up a small piece of bacteria and apply 12 square centimeters of adhesive cloth to the hole. Each bottle of bacteria can take 80-100 holes. The inoculated rods were immediately put into the incubator (the incubator was first disinfected with formaldehyde and the temperature was controlled at 22-25 ℃). After 5 days of cultivation, the bacterial sticks were placed in the shape of "well" or triangle, 8-12 layers in each row, 3-4 bags in each layer, and mobilized once every 5-6 days. When the mycelium grows to more than 2 cm in diameter, uncover a corner of the tape to add oxygen. Each stick only uncovers 1-2 holes at a time. After 45-60 days of cultivation, the mycelium culture base shows white or yellow bumps on the outside, indicating that it has reached physiological maturity and can be cultivated in the field.

4. Outdoor ostentation

Select vacant spaces with adequate ventilation and water supply or rice fields after harvest as mushroom farms. Mushroom farms should be sterilized and insecticidal beforehand. The rice fields should be drained and dried in advance, and then trenches should be opened to make boxes, and the side of the box should be dug into a pit 5-6 cm deep in order to bury the rods. A simple scaffolding is built on the side of the box. the shed is about 2 meters high, and the roof and its surroundings are covered with hairy grass and reeds, making it a mushroom farm with three points of yang and seven points of shade. Remove the plastic bag on the back of the inoculation mouth by 3 cm × 20 cm, then discharge the mycelium into the pit on the side of the box, the inoculation mouth is facing up, and the distance between the bags is 4-5 cm. At the end of the bag, cover 2-3 cm thick sandy loam, and then use long bamboo pieces to form an arch frame on the box, covered with film.

5. Field management

There is no need to vibrate the film within 3-5 days after burying the bag, and the film is ventilated when the surface soil temperature exceeds 28 ℃. Gradually increase ventilation after 5 days, lift the film 2-3 times a day, 20-30 minutes each time, and gradually add it in the future. If the covering soil is white, it can be sprayed with uncovering film ventilation, and the amount of spraying water should be 25% of the water content of the covered soil, that is, the soil particles have no white heart. After the small buds are formed, the scaffolding can spray water 1-2 times a day to maintain the air relative humidity of 85-95%. Spray water after decomposing the cap should be careful not to fall on the cap. The fruiting body cap stops growing, that is, it reaches the mature standard and the first batch of processing is harvested. After the first batch of mushrooms were harvested, ventilation was added to promote the recovery and growth of hyphae, and heavy water was sprayed to promote the formation of buds. The management in the future is the same as before, and 3 batches of Ganoderma lucidum can be harvested in the whole process.