How to fertilize the main crops in spring? Hubei Ministry of Rural Agriculture gives guidance!

Spring is not only the season for sowing, but also the key period for crop fertilization, when crops need a large amount of fertilizer. So, how to fertilize the main crops in spring? Hubei Ministry of Rural Agriculture gives guidance!

I. suggestions on fertilization for wheat

(1) principles of fertilization

The main results are as follows: 1. The amount of topdressing and irrigation is determined scientifically according to soil fertility, application of base fertilizer, seedling condition and soil moisture.

2. Fertilizer and water management should be combined with drought and waterlogging resistance and control of diseases, insect pests and weeds.

(2) suggestions on fertilization

1. For flourishing wheat fields, it is necessary to control fertilizer and water, control prosperity and promote strength. For the jointed wheat fields, strict fertilizer and water management, jointing fertilizer can be delayed to the late jointing stage to the tip of flag leaves. For wheat fields with small population and weak growth, jointing fertilizer should be applied as soon as possible.

2. Under the condition of insufficient base fertilizer and poor growth, the target yield level is less than 300 kg / mu, urea 415 kg / mu from jointing stage to jointing stage combined with irrigation, yield level 300 kg 400 kg / mu, urea 5kg / mu and potassium chloride 1kg / mu from jointing stage to jointing stage. The target yield level is 400,550kg / mu, and urea 812kg / mu and potassium chloride 3kg / mu are applied in combination with irrigation from starting stage to jointing stage.

3. In some areas where trace elements are deficient, combined with "one spray and three control", combined with the control of diseases, insect pests and weeds (aphids and scab), trace element foliar fertilizer should be sprayed at jointing stage, booting stage and filling stage of wheat. And in the wheat filling period with 150 kilograms of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200 grams plus 0.5 kilograms of urea mixed with 50 kilograms of water for foliar spraying, pay attention to avoid the sunny, hot noon time, so as to avoid leaf burns.

II. Suggestions on fertilization for rice

(1) principles of fertilization

The main results are as follows: 1. According to the principle of reducing nitrogen, controlling phosphorus and stabilizing potassium, the total amount of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer should be reduced appropriately. The recommended amount of fertilizer nutrients: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 912kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4kg / mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 3kg / mu. The total amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of single-cropping rice should be controlled within 13 kg.

2. The principle of applying nitrogen fertilizer for a small amount of times is advocated. 60% of the basic application of nitrogen fertilizer, 20% or 70% of the basic application of nitrogen fertilizer, 20% or 70% of the basic application of tiller fertilizer and 70% of panicle fertilizer, 30% of panicle fertilizer, all basal application of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer is mainly based on basal application, which can be applied according to 80% base application and 20% panicle fertilizer. It is recommended to use special fertilizer for rice, slow and controlled release fertilizer, etc., and urea can be applied properly according to the growth of rice in the later stage.

3. In the early-late rice season, the amount of phosphate fertilizer should be increased and the amount of potassium fertilizer should be reduced in the early rice season, and the amount of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer should be increased in the late rice season.

4. increase the application of organic fertilizer and return the straw to the field by crushing and turning. In fields where organic fertilizer is applied, the amount of base fertilizer can be appropriately reduced; in plots where straw is returned to the field all the year round, the amount of potash fertilizer can be reduced by 10% to 20%. In the fields where legume green manure was planted in the first season, the amount of fresh grass returned to the field was more than 1500 kg / mu, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 3 kg per mu.

5. Recommend qualified professional cooperatives, agricultural enterprises and large growers, combined with machinery, adopt the technology of deep fertilization on the side of rice, which can reduce the amount of fertilizer by 10% to 20%.

5. combined application of zinc fertilizer and silicon fertilizer, especially cold soaked fields, early rice fields, shallow mud feet, easy lodging and other fields.

6. Fertilizers can be applied according to the soil testing formula fertilization recommendations issued by the local soil and fertilizer technology promotion department.

(2) suggestions on fertilization

1. Double cropping rice area in eastern and southeastern Hubei.

1.1 early rice

1.1.1 Application scheme of medium concentration formula fertilizer

Recommended formula: 15-8-7 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar.

Fertilization suggestion: ① general yield target, basal application formula fertilizer 50kg / mu, tillering fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer 3kg / mu and 2kg / mu, respectively. The goal of high yield of ② is as follows: the amount of formula fertilizer is 5565 kg / mu, urea 4kg / mu for tiller fertilizer, 3kg / mu for ear-grain fertilizer and 2kg / mu for potassium chloride.

1.1.2 Application scheme of high concentration formula fertilizer

Recommended formula: 22-12-11 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar.

Fertilization suggestion: ① general yield target, basal application formula fertilizer 30kg / mu, tillering fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer 3kg / mu and 2kg / mu, respectively. The goal of high yield of ② is as follows: basal application of formula fertilizer 40kg / mu, tiller fertilizer 4kg / mu, spike fertilizer 2kg / mu, potassium chloride 2kg / mu.

1.2 medium rice

1.2.1 Application scheme of medium concentration formula fertilizer

Recommended formula: 15-6-9 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar.

Fertilization suggestion: ① general yield target, basal application formula fertilizer 50kg / mu, tillering fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer 4kg / mu and 3kg / mu, respectively. The goal of high yield of ② is as follows: basal application of formula fertilizer 60,70kg / mu, tiller fertilizer 4kg / mu, spike fertilizer 3kg / mu, potassium chloride 2kg / mu.

1.2.2 Application scheme of high concentration formula fertilizer

Recommended formula: 22-9-14 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar.

Fertilization suggestions: general yield target of ①, basal application of formula fertilizer 35kg / mu, tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer topdressing urea 3kg / mu and 2kg / mu respectively, ② high yield target, basal fertilizer formula fertilizer 40kg / mu, tiller fertilizer 4kg / mu, panicle fertilizer 2kg / mu and potassium chloride 2kg / mu.

1.3 late rice

1.3.1 Application scheme of medium concentration formula fertilizer

Recommended formula: 15-6-10 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar.

Fertilization suggestion: ① general yield target, basal application formula fertilizer 45kg / mu, tillering fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer 3kg / mu and 2kg / mu, respectively. The goal of high yield of ② is as follows: basal application of formula fertilizer 50kg / mu, tiller fertilizer 4kg / mu, spike fertilizer 3kg / mu, potassium chloride 2kg / mu.

1.3.2 Application scheme of high concentration formula fertilizer

Recommended formula: 22-11-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar.

Fertilization suggestion: ① general yield target, basal application formula fertilizer 35kg / mu, tillering fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer 3kg / mu and 2kg / mu, respectively. The goal of high yield of ② is as follows: basal application of formula fertilizer 40kg / mu, tiller fertilizer 4kg / mu, spike fertilizer 2kg / mu, potassium chloride 2kg / mu.

2. Rice area of Jianghan Plain

2.1 early rice

2.1.1 Application scheme of medium concentration formula fertilizer

Recommended formula: 15-8-7 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar.

Fertilization suggestion: ① general yield target, basal application of formula fertilizer 50kg / mu, tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer topdressing urea 3kg / mu and 3kg / mu respectively. The goal of high yield of ② is that the amount of basal formula fertilizer is 5565 kg / mu, and that of tillering fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer is 45.5kg / mu and 3kg / mu, respectively.

2.1.2 Application scheme of high concentration formula fertilizer

Recommended formula: 18-12-15 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar.

Fertilization suggestion: ① general yield target, basal application formula fertilizer 35kg / mu, tillering fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer 3kg / mu and 3kg / mu, respectively. The goal of high yield of ② is that the amount of basal formula fertilizer is 40kg / mu / mu, and that of tiller fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer is 4kg / mu and 3kg / mu, respectively.

2.2 medium rice

2.2.1 Application scheme of medium concentration formula fertilizer

Recommended formula: 15-6-9 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar.

Fertilization suggestion: ① general yield target, basal application formula fertilizer 50-60 kg / mu, tillering fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer topdressing urea 4-5 kg / mu and 3-4 kg / mu respectively. The goal of high yield of ② is 55-65 kg / mu of basal formula fertilizer, 5-6 kg / mu of urea for tillering fertilizer and 3-4 kg / mu of urea for panicle fertilizer.

2.2.2 Application scheme of high concentration formula fertilizer

Recommended formula: 22-9-14 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar.

Fertilization suggestion: ① general yield target, basal application formula fertilizer 35kg / mu, tillering fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer 4kg / mu and 3kg / mu, respectively. The goal of high yield of ② is to apply 40kg / mu basal formula fertilizer, 5kg / mu urea to tiller fertilizer and 3kg / mu urea to panicle fertilizer.

2.3 late rice

2.3.1 Application scheme of medium concentration formula fertilizer

Recommended formula: 15-7-10 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar.

Fertilization suggestion: ① general yield target, basal application formula fertilizer 45kg / mu, tillering fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer 4kg / mu and 3kg / mu, respectively. The goal of high yield of ② is that the amount of basal formula fertilizer is 50kg / mu, and that of tillering fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer is 56kg / mu and 3kg / mu, respectively.

2.3.2 Application scheme of high concentration formula fertilizer

Recommended formula: 20-10-15 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar.

Fertilization suggestion: ① general yield target, basic application formula fertilizer 40kg / mu, tillering fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer 4kg / mu and 3kg / mu, respectively. The goal of high yield of ② is that the amount of basal formula fertilizer is 455kg / mu, and that of tillering fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer is 56kg / mu and 3kg / mu, respectively.

(3) Middle rice area in hilly land of central and northern Hubei.

3.1 medium concentration formula fertilization scheme

Recommended formula: 16-6-8 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar.

Fertilization suggestion: ① general yield target, basal application formula fertilizer 50kg / mu, tillering fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer 4kg / mu and 3kg / mu, respectively. The goal of high yield of ② is that the amount of basal formula fertilizer is 5565 kg / mu, and that of tillering fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer is 46.6kg / mu and 3kg / mu, respectively.

3.2 High concentration formula fertilization scheme

Recommended formula: 23-10-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar.

Fertilization suggestion: ① general yield target, basal application formula fertilizer 35kg / mu, tillering fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer 3kg / mu and 2kg / mu, respectively. The goal of high yield of ② is to apply 40kg / mu basal formula fertilizer, 4kg / mu urea for tillering fertilizer and 3kg / mu urea for panicle fertilizer.

4. Medium rice area in the mountainous area of western Hubei.

4.1 medium concentration formula fertilization scheme

Recommended formula: 15-8-9 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar.

Fertilization suggestion: ① general yield target, basal application formula fertilizer 50kg / mu, tillering fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer 4kg / mu and 3kg / mu, respectively. The goal of high yield of ② is that the amount of basal formula fertilizer is 5565 kg / mu, and that of tillering fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer is 55.6kg / mu and 3kg / mu, respectively.

4.2 High concentration formula fertilization scheme

Recommended formula: 22-11-12 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar.

Fertilization suggestion: ① general yield target, basal application formula fertilizer 35kg / mu, tillering fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer 4kg / mu, 3kg / mu, respectively. The goal of high yield of ② is that the amount of basal formula fertilizer is 40kg / mu, and that of tillering fertilizer and panicle grain fertilizer is 46kg / mu and 3kg / mu, respectively.

5. Suggestions on fertilization of ratooning rice

5.1 fertilization scheme for the first season

Recommended formula: 20-16-10-4 (zinc sulfate heptahydrate) or similar formula.

Fertilization suggestion: before transplanting the first season rice, apply 20-16-10-4 (zinc sulfate heptahydrate) or similar formula 40-60 kg / mu as base fertilizer, and topdressing 5 kg urea per mu at tillering stage.

5.2 fertilization scheme for ratooning season

Recommended formula: 20-5-10-4 (zinc sulfate heptahydrate) or similar formula.

Fertilization suggestion: apply 20-5-10-4 (zinc sulfate heptahydrate) or similar formula 30kg / mu.

6. suggestions on fertilization for rice-fishing comprehensive cultivation and cultivation of rice.

Fertilization suggestions: nitrogen fertilizer 1012kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 1012kg / mu in newly dug paddy field, nitrogen fertilizer 78kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5kg / mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 10kg / mu in 3 ~ 5 years rice field. For more than 5 years, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) and potassium fertilizer (K2O) were 60.8 kg / mu, 3kg / mu and 5kg / mu, respectively. It is recommended to use shrimp-rice special fertilizer or 18-10-12 (or similar) compound fertilizer as base fertilizer at one time.

III. Suggestions on fertilization for corn

(1) principles of fertilization

1. The recommended amount of fertilizer nutrients: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 1315kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 4kg / mu.

2. Basal fertilizer is the main fertilizer, topdressing is the auxiliary, panicle fertilizer is the main fertilizer and grain fertilizer is the auxiliary fertilizer. With the application of nitrogen fertilizer in different stages, the proportion of potassium fertilizer should be increased in high-yield fields.

3. Increase the application of organic fertilizer, encourage straw to return to the field, and improve soil fertility.

4. Advocate the combination of plastic film mulching in alpine and suburban fresh corn planting areas, attach importance to the combined application of trace elements such as sulfur and zinc, and recommend basal application of 1kg / mu zinc sulfate heptahydrate or other zinc fertilizer with content.

5. According to the pH condition of acid soil, 60kg / mu quicklime or 4kg / mu silicon fertilizer was applied to the field 15 days before sowing with corn.

(2) suggestions on fertilization

1. Corn area of plain hilly land

1.1 medium concentration formula fertilization scheme

Recommended formula: 15-6-9 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar.

Fertilization suggestion: ① general yield target, basal application of formula fertilizer 50kg / mu, urea topdressing 79kg / mu and 5kg / mu at big trumpet stage and booting stage, respectively. The goal of high yield of ② is as follows: the amount of formula fertilizer is 5565 kg / mu, urea 8kg / mu at Dabukou stage, urea 5kg / mu and potassium chloride 3kg / mu at booting stage.

1.2 Application scheme of high concentration formula fertilizer

Recommended formula: 22-9-14 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar.

Fertilization suggestion: ① general yield target, basic application of formula fertilizer 40kg / mu, urea topdressing 6kg / mu and 5kg / mu at big trumpet stage and booting stage, respectively. The goal of high yield of ② is as follows: basal application of formula fertilizer 45kg / mu, urea 6kg / mu at Dabukou stage, urea 5kg / mu and potassium chloride 2kg / mu at booting stage.

2. Mountainous and hilly corn area

2.1 medium concentration formula fertilization scheme

Recommended formula: 15-7-8 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar.

Fertilization suggestion: general yield target of ①, basal application of formula fertilizer 50kg / mu, topdressing urea 6kg / mu and 5kg / mu at big trumpet stage and booting stage, respectively. The goal of high yield of ② is as follows: the amount of formula fertilizer is 5565 kg / mu, urea 6kg / mu at Dabukou stage, urea 5kg / mu and potassium chloride 2kg / mu at booting stage.

2.2 Application scheme of high concentration formula fertilizer

Recommended formula: 22-10-13 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar.

Fertilization suggestion: general yield target of ①, basal application of formula fertilizer 35kg / mu, topdressing urea 6kg / mu and 4kg / mu at big trumpet stage and booting stage, respectively. The goal of high yield of ② is as follows: basal application of formula fertilizer 40kg / mu, urea 6kg / mu at Dabukou stage, urea 4kg / mu and potassium chloride 2kg / mu at booting stage.

IV. Suggestions on fertilization of potatoes

(1) principles of fertilization

The main results are as follows: (1) according to the results of soil measurement and target yield, the reasonable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is determined, and the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is optimized according to soil fertility conditions. Potato is a potassium-loving crop, so more attention should be paid to the application of potassium fertilizer. Avoid using chlorinated fertilizers.

(2) increase the application of organic fertilizer, advocate the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer, and avoid using organic fertilizer that is not fully mature.

(3) according to the status of soil potassium, appropriate application of potassium fertilizer.

(4) the fertilizer distribution is mainly based on the combination of base and topdressing, and topdressing is mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizer.

(5) according to the content of trace elements in soil, appropriate amount of medium trace element fertilizer was sprayed on the leaves of potato during the vigorous growth period.

(6) Fertilizer application should be combined with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques, especially disease control.

(2) suggestions on fertilization

(1) recommend 13-15-17 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar compound fertilizer or potato special compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, urea and potassium sulfate (or nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer) as topdressing, or 15-10-20 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula compound fertilizer as topdressing.

(2) the yield level is more than 3000 kg / mu: the recommended amount of formula fertilizer (base fertilizer) is 60 kg / mu; from seedling stage to tuber expansion stage, urea is 10kg / mu, potassium sulfate is 10kg / mu, or formula fertilizer (15-10-20) 20kg / mu.

(3) the yield level is 2000-3000 kg / mu: the recommended amount of formula fertilizer (base fertilizer) is 50 kg / mu; from seedling stage to tuber expansion stage, urea is 5-10 kg / mu, potassium sulfate is 8-12 kg / mu, or formula fertilizer (15-10-20) 15-20 kg / mu.

(4) the yield level is 1500-2000 kg / mu: the recommended amount of formula fertilizer (base fertilizer) is 40 kg / mu; from seedling stage to tuber expansion stage, urea 5kg / mu, potassium sulfate 5kg / mu, or formula fertilizer (15-10-20) 10kg / mu.

(5) the yield level is below 1500 kg / mu: the recommended amount of formula fertilizer (base fertilizer) is 40 kg / mu; from seedling stage to tuber expansion stage, urea is 3 kg / mu, potassium sulfate is 4 kg / mu, or formula fertilizer (15-10-20) 10 kg / mu.

(6) apply 2-3 square organic fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer; if organic fertilizer is applied, the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced as appropriate.

(7) for soils lacking boron or zinc, borax 1 kg / mu or zinc sulfate 1 kg / mu can be applied, and boron fertilizer can be applied (or sprayed) in conditional areas.

5. Suggestions on fertilization of rape

1. Principles of fertilization

The main results are as follows: (1) according to the soil nutrient status of different planting areas, combined with the current seedling situation and target yield level classification guidance, scientific fertilization.

(2) under the condition that rape has been closed at present, pay attention to using water to carry fertilizer when topdressing.

(3) strengthen field management, clear ditches in time to prevent spring waterlogging, and improve nutrient utilization efficiency.

two。 Fertilization suggestion

The main results are as follows: (1) in the plots where the amount of base fertilizer is insufficient and should be applied without wax fertilizer in winter, especially for direct seeding rape with weak growth, we should increase the application of available fertilizer as early as possible, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, water-soluble compound fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 2kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 0.5kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 1kg / mu, compound fertilizer can also be applied. For the flourishing rape, it is suggested that the application of bolting fertilizer should be postponed or not, and the method of bolting should be adopted to realize "two uses of one vegetable" and control the vigorous growth.

(2) in the plots where the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is insufficient, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the podding stage and spraying 0.3 kilograms / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves can effectively prevent the premature senescence of rape.

(3) according to the status of available boron in the soil, supplement boron fertilizer and pay attention to the use of qualified boron fertilizer, which can be sprayed together with the prevention and control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Generally, 0.2 kg / mu of borax is sprayed on the leaf surface, with a concentration of about 0.2%. Or other boron fertilizers with high content and good water solubility.

(4) magnesium deficiency occurs frequently in acidic soil areas and high-yield areas in recent years. Fertilizer spraying can be carried out in combination with the prevention and control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Magnesium sulfate is generally sprayed 0.5-1.0 kg / mu with a concentration of 1-2%. It can also be sprayed at podding stage.

VI. suggestions on fertilization for cotton

(1) principles of fertilization

1. The recommended amount of fertilizer nutrients: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 1820kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 57kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 1012kg / mu, borax 0.51kg / mu. It is suggested that the special compound fertilizer for cotton should be applied, and for the cotton fields with zinc deficiency, attention should be paid to the supplement of 1kg / mu of zinc sulfate.

2. Increase the application of organic fertilizer, cover the field with straw (wheat straw, rape stalk, rice straw), preserve soil moisture, increase fertilizer and suppress weeds, and carry out the combination of organic and inorganic.

3. For transplanting cotton field in nutrient pot, base fertilizer should be used to apply hole fertilizer to cushion soil and then plant pot seedling, or no fertilizer should be applied when planting pot seedling, and topdressing should be applied in time after seedling survival, and topdressing should be ploughed and covered with soil after strip application, or covered with soil in furrow, or irrigated with water.

(2) suggestions on fertilization

1. Recommend the formula of fertilizer.

Basic fertilizer formula: 23-8-14 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula; topdressing formula fertilizer formula: 20-9-16 (N-P2O5-K2O) or similar formula.

2. Application scheme of formula fertilizer

① general yield target, basic application of formula fertilizer (23-8-14) or other special compound fertilizer for cotton, application rate of 20,25kg / mu, urea topdressing 4kg / mu, 9kg / mu and 7kg / mu of urea at seedling stage, bud stage and flowering stage, 40kg / mu of formula fertilizer (20kg / mu) at flower and boll stage, serious boron deficiency cotton field. Cooperate with spraying boron fertilizer (concentration is 0.1%-0.2%). The goal of high yield of ② is to apply formula fertilizer (23-8-14) or other special compound fertilizer for cotton, with a dosage of 250kg / mu, topdressing urea at seedling stage, bud stage and full flowering stage with urea 450kg / mu, 9kg / mu and 7kg / mu respectively, and applying formula fertilizer (20-9-16) at flower and boll stage with 4550kg / mu, seriously boron deficient cotton field, combined with spraying boron fertilizer (0.1% 0.2%).

VII. suggestions on fertilization for vegetables

(1) leafy vegetables

1. Principles of fertilization

The main results are as follows: (1) rational application of organic fertilizer, combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, and the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should follow the principles of controlling nitrogen, stabilizing phosphorus and increasing potassium.

(2) the fertilizer distribution is mainly based on the combination of base and topdressing, the topdressing is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and the reasonable combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

(3) combine with high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques, especially water-saving irrigation techniques, to give full play to the coupling effect of water and fertilizer and improve fertilizer use efficiency.

(4) promote the use of organic fertilizer. General application of 500 kg of organic fertilizer or harmless treatment of livestock and poultry manure 2: 3 square. Increase the use of biogas slurry, dilute it 3 times and apply it to the field, the interval between two applications is more than 15 days, and the annual consumption of biogas slurry per mu is no more than 3 square.

2. Fertilization suggestion

The main results are as follows: (1) the base fertilizer is applied with high quality farm manure 2cm / mu, combined with special compound fertilizer for leaf vegetables.

(2) yield level 45005500kg / mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 1315kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4kg / mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 8kg / mu; yield level 5500kg / mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6kg / mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 12kg / mu The yield level is more than 6500 kg / mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 1820 kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 10kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 1416kg / mu. 30% to 40% basic application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, 60% to 70% topdressing, and all phosphate fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer strip or hole application.

(3) for boron-deficient plots, 0.5 kg / mu of borax can be applied, or 0.2%-0.3% borax solution can be sprayed on the leaves for 2 times. At the same time, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed 2 times for 3 times to improve the net vegetable rate and commodity rate.

(2) eggplant fruits

1. Principles of fertilization

(1) increase the application of high-quality organic fertilizer according to local conditions, and recommend the application of microbial organic fertilizer, special compound fertilizer for fruits and vegetables, high potassium compound fertilizer, water-soluble fertilizer and so on.

(2) controlled fertilization at flowering stage, from flowering to branching and fruit setting, fertilization should be controlled except that the plant is seriously short of fertilizer and can be slightly applied with quick-acting fertilizer, so as to prevent falling flowers, leaves and fruits.

(3) in order to promote the rapid expansion of young fruit, quick-acting fertilizer should be applied in time in young fruit stage and harvest period.

(4) from transplanting to pre-flowering stage, the combination of promotion and control should be promoted and watered frequently with thin fertilizer.

(5) avoid using high concentration fertilizer, avoid wet soil topdressing, avoid topdressing at high temperature at noon, and avoid concentrated topdressing.

2. Fertilization suggestion

The main results are as follows: (1) 2 square meters of high quality farm manure is applied as base fertilizer, combined with special compound fertilizer for fruits and vegetables.

(2) the yield level is below 2000 kg / mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 6kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 2kg / mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 9kg / mu; yield level 2000kg / mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 8kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3kg / mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 10kg / mu The yield level is more than 4000 kg / mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 16kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4kg / mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 18kg / mu.

(3) in general, 20% to 30% of the total nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 70% to 80% is used as topdressing, for high temperature and humidity, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced, or even not applied; phosphate fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer, leaving 40% topdressing; 30% to 40% of the total potash fertilizer is used as base fertilizer and 60% to 70% as topdressing.

8. Fertilization of citrus

1. Principles of fertilization

(1) increase the application of organic fertilizer and adhere to the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers; pay attention to supplementary application in spring in late-maturing citrus orchards without organic fertilizer in autumn; advocate planting green manure between rows of orange orchards, turning pressure or covering back to the field in spring, fertilizing the soil and conserving soil and water. The orchards with serious soil acidification were improved by applying quicklime, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and so on.

(2) according to the soil fertility of citrus orchard and the growth potential and yield level of citrus varieties at different ripening stages, the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be appropriately reduced, and the fertilization strategy of "due to deficiency" should be adopted to supplement magnesium, calcium, boron, zinc, iron and other trace elements, especially boron and zinc before and after sprouting and flowering of citrus in spring.

(3) Fertilizer and water management should be combined with green high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques, attention should be paid to the shaping and pruning of fruit trees before fertilization in spring, high temperature and summer drought are easy to occur in summer, the techniques of grass mulching and hole fertilizer storage in orange orchards are advocated, and the integrated technology of water and fertilizer is advocated in orchards with conditions, and pay attention to deep application of organic fertilizer in autumn.

two。 Fertilization suggestion

(1) the amount of fertilization. The application of citrus special compound fertilizer is recommended. The yield of orchard is more than 3000 kg / mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 25kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 8kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 20kg / mu, yield is 1500kg / mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 20kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 8kg / mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) is 150kg / mu. The yield of orchard is less than 1500 kg / mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 1525kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 6kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 10kg / mu. If the integrated technology of water and fertilizer is adopted, the amount of fertilizer can be reduced by 30% to 40%.

(2) the mode of application. 30%-40% nitrogen fertilizer, 30%-40% phosphate fertilizer, and 20%-30% potash fertilizer are applied before and after flowering from February to March. 30% to 40% nitrogen fertilizer, 20% to 30% phosphate fertilizer and 40% to 50% potash fertilizer shall be applied before fruit harvest from June to July. 20% to 30% nitrogen fertilizer, 40% to 50% phosphate fertilizer, 20% to 30% potash fertilizer, and all organic fertilizer shall be applied before and after fruit harvest from November to December. 0.5 kilograms of borax and 1.5 kilograms of zinc sulfate were applied per mu and mixed with organic fertilizer in autumn.