What kind of crops are suitable for growing under trees? What are the prospects for planting under the forest? Attached planting technique

In the garden construction, planting and breeding under the forest is also a popular mode of management in recent years, because the forest planting density is not large, the open space under the forest can be used to interplant other crops. What kind of crops are suitable for growing under trees? What are the prospects for planting under the forest?

What are the crops suitable for growing under trees

1. Wild yam

(1) methods of reproduction

Wild yam can be propagated with more than zero seed or tuber, the reproduction of wild yam is closely related to dormancy, the tuber or seed of wild yam without full dormancy can not be used to reproduce, even if sowing will not sprout. In the propagation of wild yam, it takes 2 years to use surplus seeds to breed. The seed potato of 0.03~0.1kg is first cultivated in the first year, and then sown in the second year. Although it takes a long time to propagate, it can prevent degradation and ensure high quality and high quality. No matter using tubers or leftover seeds as seed potatoes, be sure to choose reddish brown skin and white yam as seed potatoes.

(2) planting time and method

In the early growth stage, wild yam mainly depends on the nutrients stored in seed potato for germination, rooting and long leaves. The ground temperature of wild yam sowing requires 10: 12 ℃. The traditional planting method is adopted. The shallow trench of 8-10cm is dug with a hoe, and the zero seed is longitudinally laid flat in the ditch. The zero seed is evenly spread out by the interval 20-25cm, and the interval can also be narrowed properly. The minimum interval can be 5cm, and then cover the soil to fill and tread lightly. If possible, base fertilizer can be applied to the soil layer. In the process of planting, attention should be paid to the removal of mixed stones in the soil, otherwise the tuber decentralization of wild yam is serious, the root shape is not beautiful, and the commodity quality will be reduced.

(3) Post-planting management

After the wild yam seedlings were unearthed, the stem grew very rapidly, reaching 30~50cm within 7-10 days, and then began to grow leaves. The stem of wild yam is small, slender, crisp and tender. It is an indispensable management work for trees to introduce vines as stents, which is not only simple and labor-saving, but also reduce investment. The soil in the woodland is fertile, moist and basically free of weeds, so there is generally no need for fertilization, watering and weeding during the management period. Wild yam is afraid of waterlogging for drought-tolerant crops, so it is necessary to clear ditches and drain in time in rainy season so that there is no stagnant water at the root of wild yam.

(4) harvesting

By the end of October or early November, the aboveground part of the wild yam will be yellow and withered, and the harvest can begin, but in order to meet the needs of the off-season market, the wild yam can also be harvested in the middle of the peak growth period. at this time, although the tuber harvested is not fully grown, but the price is high, the economic benefit is still good. When harvesting wild yam, we should dig next to each other in order, which can not only effectively reduce the damage rate, but also avoid missed harvest, and try to be careful not to damage the roots of trees.

2. Gastrodia elata

(1) site selection

The sites for cultivating Gastrodia elata should be in the soil areas with good drainage, loose soil and sandy soil, and the east and south slopes of broadleaf sparse woodland, bamboo forest, burning two wasteland and above 800m above sea level are better, while the north slope is not suitable.

(2) Culture of fungus material

The fungus is a piece of wood covered with Armillaria mellea. In the new area, the old materials should be used to cultivate new materials. The method is to dig a pit with deep 30~40cm, wide 150~180cm, long 200~300cm or longer, pad with 5~10cm fine sand, then put new and old materials in layers above, fill the gaps with litter, put 4 layers between new and old materials, and put 10~15cm sand on the back cover of new materials. The cultivation of bacterial materials will begin from August to September, and the cultivation will be completed in November.

(3) selection of hemp seed

In production, the long tuber whose size is 4~8cm is selected as hemp seed, while the degenerated tuber which becomes smaller year by year is not suitable to be selected as hemp seed. Cultivated Gastrodia elm and Robinia pseudoacacia are the best among the cultivated Gastrodia elm tree species, such as Quercus variabilis, Quercus acuticosa, Acer truncatum, Elm and Robinia pseudoacacia, while other tree species such as razor seed and mountain peach can also be used.

(4) planting

Tuber propagation is the main method in production, and the method is as follows.

Dig holes: dig wide 150cm, deep 30~40cm, long 200cm or longer potholes, cover the bottom with 5~10cm fine sand or fine soil, and dig drainage grooves around the hole for backup.

Next species: put 1~2cm thick litter on the mat soil layer at the bottom of the hole, put a layer of new material above, the length of the new material is 100~120cm, and use a knife and axe to obliquely cut the mouth of the bacteria, which is called "playing flowers". After the new material is arranged, put a layer of new wood and fungus material, put the head out at intervals, fill the space with litter and sand mixture, take the flax seed close to the edge of the fungus material, 1 fungus material stick to 4 kinds of flax, cover a layer of 0.5cm litter and sand, soil mixture, the top layer all put the new wood, and then plant Gastrodia elata.

Artificial pollination: Gastrodia elata is insect-pollinated, but arrow is often insufficient. Artificial pollination is the key technology of Gastrodia elata cultivation. Within 5-15 days of Gastrodia elata florescence, most of the pollen matured between 9 am and 2 pm on the second day after anthesis. When the pollen block is soft and swollen, the cap is lifted gently, and the pollen appears on the edge of the cap, indicating that the pollen has matured. Hold the newly opened flower with the left hand, put the small tweezers into the flower tube and gently remove the lip for pollination. When it is found that the crown cap is raised and the pollen is loose, take off the cap and clip the pollen on the stamen stigma with mucus at the bottom of the flower to complete pollination.

(5) Post-planting management

After planting, it is necessary to prevent rain and stagnant water, avoid bacterial rot, prevent heat and cold, timely shade, strictly prevent human and animal trampling and miscellaneous bacteria infection.

(6) harvesting and processing

Harvest: the harvest of Gastrodia elata is carried out in November in autumn and from March to April in spring. Cellar-by-cellar mining is carried out, fungus materials are prepared in advance, new materials are added, and the second round of cultivation is carried out at the same time.

Processing: rinse the recovered fresh flax, boil it with 0.5% alum boiling water to penetrate the heart, boil 10~12min with big Gastrodia elata, boil 8~10min with small Gastrodia elata, remove it and spread it on the mat, bask it to half-dry, then gently press it with a plank, bask in it until the heart is transparent and shrink evenly.

2. what are the prospects for planting under the forest?

The development of under-forest planting is of great significance to shorten the forestry economic cycle, increase the added value of forestry, promote the sustainable development of forestry, open up channels to increase farmers' income, develop circular economy and consolidate the achievements of ecological construction. The relatively long forest production cycle is an important constraint for forestry development and for farmers to get rich after forest reform. Only by letting the woodland lay "golden eggs" earlier and better develop under-forest planting, can we better promote forestry ecological construction and industrial development, better consolidate the achievements of forest reform with good economic benefits, and enrich the people in the forest and the forest in the rich people.

The development of under-forest planting is an effective way to improve farmers' income, but what kind of crops to grow under the forest should also be determined according to local planting conditions in order to achieve better economic benefits.