How do you grow mangoes? What are the precautions?

Mango fruit oval smooth, lemon yellow peel, delicate meat, sweet smell, rich in sugar, vitamins, protein, carotene and so on. It has been widely cultivated all over the world, and more than 100 varieties have been cultivated, and more than 40 varieties have been cultivated in China. So, how to grow mangoes? What are the precautions?

First, how to grow mangoes?

1. Land selection and preparation

Choose suitable climatic conditions, the soil layer is deep, fertile, the soil is not easy to consolidate, there is no stagnant water, and the garden is built near the source of water. Larger orchards should be divided into small areas according to topography, planning shelterbelts, irrigation and drainage systems, roads and other facilities.

2. Planting preparation

(1) planting density

According to climate, soil fertility and varieties, the current planting density is 5 m × 4 m (33 plants / mu), 5 m × 3 m (44 plants / mu) or 4 m × 3 m (55 plants / mu). In order to increase the early income, 4 × 3 meters were planted, and thinning could be added to 6 meters × 4 meters after 3-5 years of harvest.

(2) preparation of planting holes.

The hole was dug 2-3 months before planting, 80 cm wide and 70 cm deep. 20-30 kg of rotten pig, cow manure or soil fertilizer and 0.5-1 kg of superphosphate were applied to each hole.

3. Colonization

It is better to plant from June to August, but it should also be determined according to the actual conditions of soil, region, variety and so on. Generally, it can be planted in the southwest and south from September to October, and from March to May in non-arid areas. The best time for planting is cloudy day or before rain. When planting, the root system should be extended, the depth should be on the flat soil surface of the root neck, and the root water should be drenched and covered after planting.

4. Field management

Fertilization: young trees are mainly nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, properly combined with potash fertilizer. After planting, topdressing began when the shoots were drawn 1-2 times, topdressing was applied once in March, May, July and September, and organic fertilizer was applied in combination with pressing green expansion points from June to August. Results the main fertilizers for trees were nitrogen and potassium, and the amount of potassium was not less than that of nitrogen, combined with phosphorus, calcium and magnesium fertilizer.

Irrigation: when mango trees are fertilized and pruned after fruit harvest, if they encounter high temperature and drought weather, they should be irrigated properly, and irrigation should be stopped after mid-November. Irrigation methods and irrigation amount should be determined according to the situation of fruit trees in the orchard, generally using the method of fertilization furrow irrigation to keep the soil moist.

Pruning: after the shaping and pruning of young trees, the seedling height is 80-100 cm and the seedling height is 80-100 cm. It is necessary to cultivate the trunk of the main branch and take off the top when the secondary main branch is 60-70 cm long.

5. Pest control

In the process of mango tree planting, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests such as Spodoptera litura, white moth, wax cicada, longicorn beetles, fruit flies, anthracnose, powdery mildew, gum disease and so on.

Second, what are the points for attention in growing mangoes?

1. Temperature

Mango likes warmth and is not resistant to frost. The optimum growth temperature is 25-30 ℃, the growth is slow below 20 ℃, the leaves and inflorescences will stop growing below 10 ℃, and the near-mature fruits will suffer cold damage.

2. Lighting

Mango is a light-loving fruit tree, sufficient light can promote flower bud differentiation, flowering and fruit setting, improve fruit quality and improve appearance. Usually in the sunny side of the crown or in the open environment, the single plant blossoms more and the fruit setting rate is high; mangoes with too many branches and leaves, closed crown and insufficient light blossom and bear less fruit, and the appearance and quality of the fruit are poor. Through shaping and pruning bentgrass, the light conditions in the garden and trees can be improved to increase the yield and prolong the high yield period.

3. Moisture

Mango grows well in the area with annual rainfall of 700mm to 2000 mm, and the uneven distribution of annual rainfall in South China often affects the growth and development. In the florescence and early fruiting stage, if the air is too dry, it is easy to cause falling flowers and fruit; too much Rain Water leads to rotten flowers and poor pollination and fertilization; excessive rainfall in summer often leads to serious fruit diseases; autumn drought after harvest often affects the germination and growth of autumn shoot mother branches.

4. Soil

Mango is not strict to the soil, and can be cultivated in areas below 600 meters above sea level. However, the soil layer is deep, the groundwater level is less than 3 meters, good drainage, slightly acidic loam or sandy loam is better.