What are the key points of soilless vegetable planting techniques? What are the benefits of soilless cultivation?

With the development of agricultural modernization, what are the great changes in the planting pattern? for example, the cultivation of soilless vegetables is very popular now, what are the key points of soilless vegetable planting techniques? What are the benefits of soilless cultivation?

I. main points of planting techniques of soilless vegetables

Vegetable soilless planting technology can be divided into two types: inorganic nutrition soilless planting and organic nutrition soilless planting. Inorganic nutrition soilless cultivation, there are two ways of water culture and fog (air) cultivation; organic nutrition soilless cultivation can be realized by regular application of organic fertilizer and irrigation water.

1. Implementation points of soilless planting with inorganic nutrition.

First, pay attention to matrix preparation and effectively mix organic matrix and inorganic matrix through scientific proportion. Then cover the film to complete the high temperature disinfection, or use the formalin solution to complete the fumigation disinfection, or use the disinfection box to complete the steam disinfection and so on.

Second, according to weighing, make reasonable adjustment to pH, configure mother liquid, configure the flow of working nutrient solution, make effective configuration of nutrient solution, and then scientifically manage the concentration and temperature of nutrient solution, and make reasonable adjustment to pH and oxygen content. The nutrient solution should be kept for three weeks to make the necessary updates, and the pH should be in the range of 5.5-6.5. In addition, regular stirring or inflatable pumps are required to ensure adequate oxygen content in the nutrient solution.

Third, pay attention to the reasonable configuration and installation of the liquid supply system, the design and layout of the infusion pipeline should be scientific and reasonable, the distance between the dripping parts should be accurate and reasonable, and irrigation should be accurate and targeted.

2. The main points of organic nutrition soilless planting.

First, attention should be paid to the treatment of organic fertilizer, which usually covers the following links: to ensure the full fermentation and maturity of organic fertilizer, to effectively dry the fully mature organic fertilizer, and to crush and sieve the dry organic fertilizer.

Second, pay attention to the configuration of cultivation substrate. Generally speaking, the ratio of slag to peat is 6 ∶ 4, that of river sand to coconut shell is 1 ∶ 1, that of sawdust, slag and sunflower stalk is 3 ∶ 2 ∶ 5, and that of perlite to peat is 3 ∶ 7.

Third, establish systematic cultivation facilities, including vegetable cultivation trough and liquid supply system. In the liquid supply system, the outlet of the liquid supply system should be equipped with necessary filters to ensure that the water quality is kept clean.

Fourth, pay attention to configuration management, before planting, add appropriate amount of fertilizer to the substrate as base fertilizer, after 20 days of vegetable growth and development, carry out fertilization operation at intervals of 10-15 days, and ensure that the method is reasonable in the fertilization stage. ensure that fertilizer is evenly applied to the substrate at a reasonable distance from the root of vegetables. In each square substrate, the amount of fertilizer application should be controlled reasonably, nitrogen fertilizer 80-100g, phosphate fertilizer 30-50g, potassium fertilizer 50-180g.

Fifth, pay attention to matrix Shufen management, vegetables should be irrigated with sufficient water before cultivation, irrigation should be carried out not less than twice a day after cultivation, and the mechanism content should be controlled in the range of 60-85%. After the vegetables grow and take shape, the amount of water should be reasonably controlled and adjusted according to the change of climatic conditions and the size of vegetable seedlings. watering can be done without watering in overcast and rainy weather and watering once a day in winter.

II. Benefits of soilless cultivation

1. Save water, fertilizer and high yield

In soilless cultivation, all kinds of nutrient elements needed by crops are artificially prepared and applied into nutrient solution, with less water loss, nutrient balance, high absorption efficiency, and according to crop species and different growth stages of the same crop. supply nutrients scientifically. Therefore, the crop growth and development is robust, the growth potential is strong, can give full play to the potential to increase production.

2. Clean, hygienic and pollution-free

The application of organic fertilizer in soil cultivation, fertilizer decomposition and fermentation will not only pollute the environment, but also cause the eggs of many pests to breed and harm crops, while soilless cultivation uses inorganic fertilizers, which does not exist these problems. and can avoid the pollution of heavy metals and other harmful substances in the contaminated soil.

3. Save labor and labor and be easy to manage

Soilless cultivation does not require ploughing, ploughing, weeding and other operations, saving labor and labor. Watering and topdressing is solved at the same time, and is supplied regularly and quantitatively by the liquid supply system, which is convenient for management, will not cause waste, and greatly reduces the labor intensity.

4. Avoid continuous cropping obstacles

In the field planting management of vegetables, reasonable land rotation and avoiding repeated cropping in successive years is one of the important measures to prevent the serious occurrence and spread of diseases. Soilless cultivation, especially hydroponics, can fundamentally solve this problem.

5. free from regional restrictions and make full use of space

Soilless cultivation makes crops completely out of the soil environment and is not limited by soil quality and water conservancy conditions. soilless cultivation can be used in many deserts, wastelands or areas where it is difficult to cultivate. Get rid of the constraints of the land, soilless cultivation can also be free from space restrictions, the use of urban abandoned factories, buildings on the flat roof to plant vegetables and flowers, have virtually expanded the cultivation area.

Because soilless cultivation has got rid of the restriction of soil cultivation, it has a broad development prospect, and interested friends can try to carry out it after careful understanding.