How to grow summer corn and summer soybeans? Technical opinions on the production of Huang-Huai-Hai summer corn (summer soybean) in 2020

Now it is the critical period of agricultural production in Huang-Huai-Hai region, and farmers are also very concerned about how to plant summer corn and summer soybeans. In this regard, the Ministry of Agriculture and Village issued the technical guidance on the production of summer soybeans and summer corn in Huang Huai Hai in 2020! Remember to collect if you are in need.

Corn expert guidance Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Village

National Agricultural Technology extension Service Center

Huang-Huai-Hai region is one of the dominant producing areas of summer corn in China, with a perennial summer corn planting area of about 200 million mu. At present, winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai region is gradually maturing and harvesting from south to north, and summer corn is about to be sown in time. In view of the natural resource conditions and resource endowments of Huang-Huai-Hai region this year, the Maize expert guidance Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Village, together with the National Agricultural Technology extension Service Center, formulated technical opinions on summer corn production in Huang-Huai-Hai in 2020.

First, adjust the layout and optimize the structure. According to the market demand and combined with the actual production of various places, adjust and optimize the planting structure of corn, develop silage corn and fresh corn according to local conditions, and carry out intercropping between corn and other crops (soybeans, peanuts, etc.).

The second is to optimize the improved varieties and select the seeds. Scientific selection of maize varieties with suitable local planting, suitable ripening period, high density and lodging resistance, wide stress resistance, high and stable yield. Varieties with early maturity and strong drought tolerance should be selected in the northern part of Huang-Huai-Hai, while varieties with mid-maturity, rust resistance and high temperature tolerance should be selected in the southern part of Huang-Huai-Hai. For the plots with direct grain harvest, the varieties with early maturity, lodging resistance, rapid dehydration and suitable for mechanical grain direct harvest were selected. Select and purchase high-quality coated seeds to ensure that mechanical single-grain precision sowing requirements are met.

The third is to sow the whole seedling as soon as possible. Summer corn was sown in time after the previous crop harvest, and the central and southern regions strived to finish sowing before June 15 and the north before June 20, and direct seeding with row spacing of 60 cm by mechanical precision seeder. When the soil moisture is not enough to sow, it is necessary to irrigate the "covered water" in time to ensure that the whole seedling is sown.

The fourth is reasonable close planting to optimize the population. The suitable planting density was determined according to the characteristics of varieties and production conditions. The general plot protects 4000mi 4500 seedlings per mu, and the density of density-tolerant varieties and high-yield fields should be appropriately increased. For the areas with high planting density, over-growth and frequent wind lodging, plant growth regulators can be sprayed from jointing stage to small trumpet mouth stage to improve plant lodging resistance and prevent lodging.

Fifth, prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, chemical weeding. We will strengthen the dynamic monitoring, forecasting and early warning of corn diseases and insect pests, especially the sudden, overeating and epidemic diseases and insect pests, and carry out green prevention and control. Chemical herbicides were used to control weeds in time after sowing and before emergence, or suitable herbicides were selected for post-seedling weeding at seedling stage (from three-leaf to five-leaf stage). Standardize the timing, method and dosage of spraying, avoid re-spraying, leakage spraying and drug damage, and improve the effect of weeding.

Sixth, scientific management, efficient fertilizer and water. The former wheat straw returned to the field was mainly applied with nitrogen fertilizer, combined with a certain amount of potash fertilizer, and supplemented with appropriate amount of micro-fertilizer, of which 1 big 3 nitrogen fertilizer and all potassium fertilizer and micro-fertilizer were applied deeply with the sowing side, and the other 2 cm 3 nitrogen fertilizer was applied deeply on the mechanical side before and after the small trumpet mouth stage (about 10 cm). Seed and fertilizer can also be sowed at the same time, and high-quality special controlled-release fertilizer can be applied deeply at the bottom at one time. After fertilization, if the soil moisture is insufficient, it should be watered in time, conditionally promote the integration of water and fertilizer, reduce the use of chemical fertilizer, and improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer use.

Seventh, strengthen monitoring, disaster prevention and reduction. We will strengthen monitoring and early warning of disasters such as drought, high temperatures and typhoons. If you encounter high temperature and severe drought during the critical growth period, irrigation should be carried out in time; if you encounter waterlogging, it should be drained in time. Through planting heat-resistant varieties and timely irrigation, as well as foliar spraying micro-fertilizer and other measures to prevent high temperature heat damage.

Eighth, timely harvest, high yield and high quality. The corn was harvested after ripening (the grain milk line disappeared and the black layer appeared), and harvested late in time without affecting the sowing date of the next stubble wheat. Mechanical harvest or direct harvest of grains, drying or drying in time after harvest, in order to prevent mildew and improve yield and quality.

Soybean expert guidance Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Village

National Agricultural Technology extension Service Center

At present, the Huang-Huai-Hai region is in the critical period of agricultural "three summers" production. The soybean expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Village, together with the National Agricultural Technology extension Service Center, studied and put forward the technical guidance for the production of summer soybean in Huang-Huai-Hai in 2020 according to the natural conditions and farming system in Huang-Huai-Hai area.

I. Scientific selection of species

According to the local market demand and ecological conditions, the high-quality varieties with high yield and high oil protein, good processing quality, density resistance, disease resistance and lodging resistance were selected according to the local market demand and ecological conditions. The middle and late maturing soybean varieties with relatively long growth period can be selected in the southern Huang-Huai region, the soybean varieties with relatively moderate maturity in the central region and the early-maturing varieties with relatively short growth period in the northern region. Seed selection and germination test should be done for self-reserved seeds. Seeds with low germination rate and poor vigor are strictly prohibited.

Second, sowing seeds in time

It is the key to obtain high yield of summer soybean in Huang-Huai-Hai region that the whole seedling of Miaoqi seedling is uniform and strong. When the soil moisture after wheat harvest is good or the one-time rainfall is more than 10 mm, sowing should be rushed; in case of drought, the method of sowing before sprinkler irrigation can be used to replenish soil moisture. It is advocated to use no-tillage straw precision seeder to complete sowing, fertilization, closed weeding, straw mulching and other operations at one time; it can also crush and scatter straw while harvesting wheat, and sow seeds under no-tillage. The sowing amount should be determined according to the variety and soil fertility, the row spacing should be 30ml / 40cm, and the seedlings should be protected 1.5-18000 plants per mu. Late sowing should be appropriately increased.

Third, stabilize phosphorus and supplement potassium

The content of soil organic matter in Huang-Huai-Hai area is relatively low, so the full amount of straw should be returned to the field as far as possible to increase the content of soil organic matter during the harvest of wheat. It is recommended to apply 45% compound fertilizer or diammonium phosphate 10 kg per mu when sowing on the principle of limiting nitrogen, stabilizing phosphorus and replenishing potassium. When the soil fertility is insufficient, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate at flowering and pod stage can increase the number of effective pods per plant, the number of seeds per plant and the weight of 100 seeds. For prosperous fields, growth regulators were sprayed at branching stage or early flowering stage to control Internode elongation and prevent lodging.

IV. Precise application of pesticides

Focus on the prevention and control of insect pests such as bee bugs, gray planthoppers, red spiders and aphids. From seedling stage to middle and late growth stage, high efficient and low toxic insecticides were selected to control pests such as gray planthopper, red spider and aphid, and bee bugs were mainly controlled at flowering and pod stage to prevent the occurrence of "disease green" phenomenon. The activity of bee bugs is slow in the morning or evening, and the control effect is good.

5. Supporting machines and tools

The best period of mechanical harvest should be in the early stage of maturity, when all the leaves of soybean fall off and the grain water content is reduced to less than 16%. To avoid dew, to prevent grains from adhering to the soil, affecting the appearance quality. The harvester should be equipped with a special harvester for soybeans. When harvesting, attention should be paid to adjusting the rotation speed of the reaper to reduce the impact on the plant and reduce pods and seeds. At the same time, the rotation speed and clearance of threshing drum should be correctly selected and adjusted to reduce the damage rate of soybean seeds.