What are the common diseases of grape? How to prevent and cure?

Grape is one of the common fruits, it not only tastes delicious, but also has high nutritional value. It has a wide planting area in our country, and diseases may be encountered in the process of its growth. If it is not controlled in time, it will affect its yield and quality. So, what are the common diseases of grape? How to prevent and cure?

What are the common diseases of grapes?

Anthracnose, downy mildew, powdery mildew and brown spot are common diseases of grape.

Second, how to control the common diseases of grape?

1. Grape anthracnose

Symptoms: the infected area will produce small brown round spots, gradually expanding and sunken, the disease spots produce concentric wheel-like near-circular lines, and give rise to neatly arranged small black spots. It can be extended to the whole fruit surface, and the diseased fruit gradually shrinks into stiff fruit, and sometimes the whole ear shrinks into whole ear stiff fruit.

Prevention and control methods:

(1) thoroughly remove diseased ears, diseased vines and diseased leaves in order to reduce the source of bacteria. In the south of the Yangtze River, it can be bagged immediately after Xiehua.

(2) strengthen cultivation management, rectify, bind vines and pick the heart in time to make the shelf surface ventilated. Increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.

(3) during the sprouting stage, 0.3% pentachlorophenol sodium and 4-degree stone sulfur mixture were sprayed once, or 150 times fumarate or 100 times bacillus was used as a scavenging agent.

(4) spraying control has been carried out in the south since late April and in the north in late May, which can spray 80% anthrax 700-800 times, 50% chlorothalonil 600-700 times, 50% chlorhexil or mancozeb 800 times.

2. Grape downy mildew

Symptoms: small spots in the shape of oil stains appear on the injured parts of the leaves, and after the spots slowly expand, there are light yellow polygonal spots, which further turn brown, causing the leaves to wither. If the humidity of the growth environment is relatively high, some diseased spots on the leaf surface will also appear a layer of white downy mildew, and then gradually turn brown and dry.

Prevention and control methods:

The main results are as follows: (1) strengthening cultivation management, applying more organic fertilizer, strengthening tree potential and improving disease resistance; timely coring, thinning too dense branches and leaves and binding vines, keeping good ventilation and light transmission, can reduce the occurrence of diseases.

(2) pay attention to the hygiene of the orchard, remove the diseased body, burn it or bury it deeply, and reduce the source of wormwood.

(3) spray 3-5 Baumetolite sulfur mixture once before germination, spray 0.2-0.5 pomethyl sulphur mixture after germination, or 1000 times of 50% topiramate, or 1000 times of 70% methyl topiramate, or 1000 times of 25% triadimefon wettable powder.

3. Grape powdery mildew

Symptoms: the loss of the fruit is the biggest, first produce a layer of gray-white powdery mold on the surface of the fruit, wipe off the white powder, the epidermis shows a brown pattern, and finally the epidermal cells become dark brown.

Prevention and control methods:

The main results are as follows: (1) strengthening cultivation management, applying more organic fertilizer, strengthening tree potential and improving disease resistance; timely coring, thinning too dense branches and leaves and binding vines, keeping good ventilation and light transmission, can reduce the occurrence of diseases.

(2) pay attention to the hygiene of the orchard, remove the diseased body, burn it or bury it deeply, and reduce the source of wormwood.

(3) spray 3-5 Baumetolite sulfur mixture once before germination, spray 0.2-0.5 pomethyl sulphur mixture after germination, or 1000 times of 50% topiramate, or 1000 times of 70% methyl topiramate, or 1000 times of 25% triadimefon wettable powder.

4. Grape brown spot

Symptoms: mainly harmful leaves, the infection point at the initial stage of the disease showed light brown, irregular angular spots, the disease spot gradually expanded, up to 1 cm in diameter, the disease spot changed from light brown to brown, and then to reddish brown, the periphery was yellowish green, and in severe cases, several spots were connected into large spots, the edges were clear, the periphery of the leaves was blurred, the disease died in the later stage, and grayish-brown mildew occurred when it was rainy or humid.

Prevention and control methods:

The main results are as follows: (1) thoroughly remove litter and reduce the source of disease, rational fertilization and scientific pruning.

(2) spray 3-5 degree stone-sulfur mixture before germination.

(3) Pesticide control. It can be sprayed 500 times 50% carbendazim, 600,800 times chlorothalonil or 1000 times thiophanate alternately, once every 10-15 days.

Generally speaking, "prevention first, integrated control" is the basic principle of grape pest control. In the process of production, it is necessary to observe the dynamics of the disease at any time and prevent it in advance.