What are the citrus planting techniques? What are the problems facing China's citrus industry?

China is one of the important places of origin of citrus, and citrus cultivation has a long history. As early as two thousand years ago, the patriotic poet qu Yuan wrote the famous Ode to Orange in his hometown. So what are the citrus planting techniques? What are the problems facing China's citrus industry?

What are the citrus planting techniques?

1. Planting time

Generally speaking, oranges are available in both spring and autumn. The maturity period varies from place to place, generally maturing in mid-September and early October of the lunar calendar, and planting can be judged according to local conditions.

2. Soil management

Citrus has higher requirements for soil. Generally speaking, the shallow layer affects the growth of citrus roots, requiring the depth of soil layer to be at least 80 cm and the living soil layer to be more than 60 cm. During the growth period of citrus, generally ploughing and weeding for 3-4 times to loosen the soil, increase water permeability, improve the ability of water storage and moisture conservation, timely irrigation and loosen the soil after irrigation.

3. Fertilizer and water management

Generally speaking, we should fully meet the needs of blood orange for various nutrient elements, and advocate the application of more organic fertilizer, rational application of inorganic fertilizer and formula fertilizer. Fertilization was guided according to the results of leaf analysis, orchard soil analysis and blood orange phenology. Our commonly used fertilization methods are mainly soil fertilization, combined with foliar fertilization. Several methods such as ring ditch application, strip ditch application, hole application and soil surface fertilizer application were adopted.

4. Disease and pest control

Several common diseases of citrus: Huanglong disease, canker, scab. Citrus Huanglong disease is a destructive disease. Once it occurs, it can not be cured. It must be cut off in time and disinfected with cooked lime powder in the disease point. Citrus Huanglong disease is transmitted by wood lice. In the process of citrus growth, timely use of thiazide, or acetamiprid, or imidacloprid, or imidacloprid, or phenoxarb, or thiazinone, carbosulfan and bifenthrin can reduce the incidence of wood lice.

5. Prevent frost injury

In the citrus producing area of southern Shaanxi, the temperature is low in winter and frost injury often occurs, which makes the leaves fall off, the branches dry and the bark burst, resulting in the death of the whole tree. Therefore, orange orchards should be established on the south slope of the leeward to the sun, Wenzhou mandarin, scarlet tangerine, local early and other varieties with strong cold tolerance should be developed, winter fertilizer should be deeply applied and re-applied from mid-September to early October, and grafted seedlings should be cultivated in soil. irrigation, white coating and grass wrapping before freezing all have a certain cold-proof effect.

What are the problems facing China's citrus industry?

1. The problem of aging leads to a serious shortage of labor force.

From the factors of production, the main problems are that the labor cost is too high, the rural labor force is seriously insufficient, the aging is widespread, and the labor cost advantage has been seriously weakened.

2. The future will be mechanized and developed on a large scale.

There are many mountain orchards in our country, the management is difficult, and the planting cost is very high. In the future, it will certainly develop in the direction of mechanization and scale. At the same time, the large-scale development of citrus in our country was in the late 1980s and early 1990s, many trees have been more than 20 years old, generally the longest age of citrus production is 30 years, so it will face large-scale elimination.

3. Climate and other irresistible factors

Climate anomalies lead to low yields, such as drought, which leads to low incomes for fruit growers. With the full opening of the international fruit market, China's fruit market is faced with competition and impact from many foreign low-price and high-quality fruits, which means that China's fruit market will face more tests in the future.

Generally speaking, there are many points for attention in growing oranges, and only when all of them are taken into account can citrus trees produce high yields.