Introduction to the planting method and time of sugarcane, and what are the pre-measures for the planting mode of sugarcane seedlings?

The planting prospect of sugarcane is relatively good, do you know how to grow sugarcane? Do you want to know about it? Let's have a look!

First, the precautions of sugarcane seedlings

In order to promote the rapid and neat germination of sugarcane seedlings and prevent the occurrence of important diseases, the measures of seed soaking and disinfection of sugarcane seedlings before planting are called "precautions".

(1) soaking seeds in clean water: soak the selected healthy sugarcane seedlings in a container for 12 hours and 24 hours to promote germination.

(2) seed soaking in warm soup: the sugarcane seedlings were soaked in 52 ℃ hot water for 20 minutes to prevent the occurrence of sugarcane dwarf disease and dwarf disease.

(3) seed soaking with chemicals: diluting sugarcane seedlings with Benlate to 0.06-0.1% concentration for one minute can promote germination and control diseases.

(4) Hot air treatment: sugarcane seedlings were treated with 54-56 ℃ hot air for 6-8 hours, which had the effect of preventing and treating dwarf disease.

(5) soaking seeds in lime water: soaking seeds in 0.10-0.15% lime water for about 24 hours can promote the germination and initial growth of sugarcane seedlings.

II. Planting of sugarcane

(1) soil preparation: sugarcane is a deep-rooted crop, the roots of newly planted sugarcane and ratoon sugarcane extend well, fully collect nutrients, promote growth and yield, and the implementation of sugarcane orchard soil preparation is a necessary step before planting. The methods of soil preparation in sugarcane orchard are as follows:

1. Make a bed: use a traction machine to install appropriate ploughing tools for the border, with the top of the border in a semicircle and the bottom of the border as a planting ditch; if the sugarcane field is well drained, the bed is about 10 centimeters high; in sugarcane fields with high groundwater level or rainy season, it is advisable to build a high border of more than 20 centimeters.

2. Set up vertical, horizontal and ring ditches: in order to facilitate field drainage, a horizontal trench is dug at a certain distance (20 meters for dry land and half of dry land for paddy fields), with a depth of 710 cm deeper than that of the planting ditch. Parallel to the border, a longitudinal trench is arranged every 40 to 60 beds, and the depth is 5 cm deeper than the horizontal trench. On the other hand, a return ditch should be dug around each sugarcane orchard, and the depth is about 5 cm deeper than the vertical trench.

3. Planting ditch to loosen the soil: after making the bed, use the loose bottom plough or small tooth Harrow to loosen the planting ditch to make a good planting bed.

(2) applying base fertilizer

Sugarcane has tall plants and a long growing period, and needs more nutrients than ordinary crops; in addition to applying 20-30,000 kg of organic fertilizer per hectare, chemical fertilizers are also needed: nitrogen (N) 200kg 250kg, phosphate (P2O5) 50-100kg, potassium (K2O) 75kg 200kg, of which the total amount of phosphate and potassium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer 1x5cm 1bank 3 is applied to the lower part of the seedling 10cm 15cm below the border as base fertilizer.

(3) planting

1. Sugarcane can be planted all the year round during the planting period, and according to the planting period, it can be divided into:

(1) extra early planting-planting from January to August

(2) Autumn planting-planting from August to September

(3) planting in late autumn-from October to November

(4) Spring planting-planting from December to April of the following year

2. Planting method

Due to the different cultivation environment of sugarcane orchard, the ways of planting sugarcane seedlings in planting ditch can be divided into:

(1) flat planting method-suitable for sugarcane fields with sufficient water, good irrigation and drainage; that is, the first end of sugarcane seedlings facing south, sugarcane buds on both sides, flat planting in the planting ditch, slightly covered with thin soil, so that the buds before and after the seedlings can germinate, so as to increase the number of raw stems.

(2) oblique insertion method-it is suitable for planting in areas where drought and water shortage, too much humidity, or serious diseases and insect pests occur; the double-bud seedlings are obliquely inserted at no more than 45 degrees, so that the lower buds are buried in the soil, and the upper buds are exposed to the soil surface; it is expected that each sugarcane seedling has one bud to sprout.

3. Planting density

The planting density of sugarcane is commonly known as cultivation row and plant spacing. There are often differences due to variety characteristics, soil fertility, planting period and mechanical operation; generally speaking, early-maturing or low-tillering varieties, barren land and spring planting are suitable for close planting, while late-maturing or multi-tillering varieties, fertile land or irrigated ones are suitable for sparse planting.

Experiments were conducted on a variety of sugarcane varieties and sugarcane planted in spring and autumn in Taiwan. the results showed that the most suitable row spacing of sugarcane was 1.2550.40 m ·m ~ (- 1) 1.3750.36 m, and the highest cane yield could be obtained by 20000 double-bud seedlings per hectare. In recent years, due to the lack of labor in rural areas, the row spacing has been appropriately widened in order to meet the specifications and operation of sugarcane machinery. At present, the row spacing of most sugarcane orchards is 1.30 to 1.37m.