25 countermeasures for comprehensive prevention and control of diarrhea in piglets are indispensable.

Diarrhea in suckling pigs is the most common digestive tract disease that seriously affects the survival rate and subsequent growth rate of suckling pigs. There are so many reasons for piglet diarrhea that it is impossible to fundamentally solve the problem by relying on one or two high-tech products. Only systematic and omni-directional measures can be taken from the aspects of nutrition, variety, epidemic prevention, environment, management and so on. Our pig-raising technology is constantly improving, but we find it more and more difficult to raise pigs. Here I would like to share with the broad masses of pig farmers the words of a pig farmer in Fujian: "the pig farmer himself is the real leader, and anyone else will always be the helper, and will never be able to dominate or surpass the pig farmer himself."

Raising pigs is a systematic project, and it is not as simple as most people think. Raising pigs well depends on a group of obedient people: raising pigs who make money depends on a group of people who can do what they say. For pig farmers, there are too many opportunities to learn, but please don't forget that raising a good pig does not depend on how many times you have participated in learning, but on how much you have learned and done well.

First, make a good plan for epidemic prevention, pay attention to specific and non-specific immunity, and create group resistance.

As a pig enterprise, all benefits come from health. In the prevention of piglets diarrhea, we must ensure effective prevention of classical swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease, pseudorabies, mycoplasma, infectious pleuropneumonia and so on. Classical swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease and pseudorabies are the foundation. Other vaccines such as blue ear disease, Haemophilus parasuis, transmissible gastroenteritis, epidemic diarrhea, Escherichia coli and red dysentery can be reasonably selected according to the situation of this field, and there is no need to force them.

Second, correctly invest in varieties and choose and buy healthy breeding pigs.

First of all, as a pig farm, we should clearly define whether to be a nursery pig or a fattening pig, a breeding pig or a commercial pig, a native hybrid high-quality pig or an improved lean pig, do not blindly invest in the breed, but choose the right breed.

Secondly, we should choose healthy breeding pigs. The introduction of many pig farms depends on the size and breed of pig farms, and even on interpersonal relationships, but ignores the health standards of breeding pigs. After choosing the pig breeding farm and breed, it is best to know the production level of the breeding pigs that have been sold in this farm, and are there any hidden diseases? Because buying breeding pigs is essentially buying health and fecundity. Finally, to determine whether a breeder pig wants or not, the key is to see whether the inguinal lymph nodes are normal or not, and whether there is any bleeding in the skin pores? Normal ability at least means that there is basically nothing wrong with the individual, and there is basically no big problem after buying it back.

III. Facility guarantee, temperature and humidity within control range

A successful pig raising enterprise must have a better delivery room and a corresponding nursery. The guarantee of facilities here mainly talks about four aspects:

(1) if the size of the delivery room and nursery is reasonable, it must meet the needs of all entry and exit.

(2) the cleaning of feces and urine should be convenient and there should be no dead corners.

(3) the ambient temperature is between 20-30 ℃ and can be controlled, and the heat preservation zone of suckling pigs within 15 days of age is between 25-35 ℃ and controllable. According to the ambient temperature, the relative humidity is adjusted between 60% and 75%. Too wet and too dry is bad for piglets.

(4) under the premise of meeting the temperature demand, the air is fresh and sunny.

IV. Correct disinfection and effective disinfection

The importance of disinfection does not need to be emphasized, but the key is how to disinfect correctly and effectively. The function of disinfection is actually a remedial measure after environmental pollution, and its side effects can not be ignored, so either do not do it, we must ensure that it is effective.

The correct disinfection behavior is "one cleaning, two washing and three disinfection", that is, through the cleaning of feces and urine and the washing of pollutants, it is correct to remove 99.9% of the harmful dirt before disinfection. Otherwise, no matter what kind of disinfectant you choose, no matter how permeable it is, or change the disinfectant frequently, it is wrong and ineffective.

Effective disinfection refers to the correct selection of disinfectants, reasonable dilution ratio, and spray the liquid into the air, pig body surface and building surface after atomization. But the use of dry powder disinfectant is different.

Disinfect pigs with at least 150ml disinfectant per square meter of pigsty. In the cold season, the delivery room and nursery had better choose dry powder disinfectant to ensure reasonable air humidity and reduce stress. The method of feeding first and then disinfection can avoid the stress caused by disinfection to pigs.

5. correct selection and use of sow feed

Sows need at least three kinds of feed to meet the production needs:

(1) lactation sow feed, used after 12 weeks of pregnancy and before the end of breeding after weaning

(2) pregnant sow feed, used from the end of mating to the 12th week of pregnancy

(3) the reserve feed for sows should be used during the period from 60kg to the first mating. In particular, it needs to be reminded that to ensure that sows can produce normally, under the premise of ensuring nutrition, the feed nutrition level of sows can be lower, but the best raw materials must be selected. Because of buying bad corn and wheat bran, many pig farms add mycotoxin adsorbents to remedy, in fact, the loss outweighs the gain.

The cultivation of reserve sows is a work that affects the reproductive ability of sows all their lives, which must be paid great attention to. The goal of raising improved breed reserve sows is to reach 120kg and estrus once at 180 days old, and finish the first mating at 190-200 days old. According to the conclusion of the latest study, the reproductive ability of individual sows begins to decline after 200 days of age.

Pay attention to the feeding plan of sows during pregnancy to improve the birth weight and milk quality of sows.

The feeding plan of sows during pregnancy is the key to ensure the excellent performance of sows in the delivery room, that is, the birth of suckling pigs is significant and the milk of sows is good. Generally, weaning is required to be moderately fat within 12 weeks of pregnancy, and only in the later stage of pregnancy can you gain weight and fat. only then will the sows give birth to major suckling pigs, and the milk will be good. In short, only the fat deposited by sows in the later stage of pregnancy can be quickly converted into milk after delivery, and only by increasing the amount of feed in the later stage of pregnancy can the birth weight of suckling pigs be increased. The sixteen-character policy of raising sows is to look at fat feeding, watching litter feeding, timing and quantification, and proper fat control is the key to feed and fat control in the early stage of pregnancy.

Newborn suckling pigs (about 1.5kg) generally have a survival rate of more than 96%, while suckling pigs lower than 1kg generally have a survival rate of about 50%. If the milk of the sow is good, the weaning nest is heavy, and the pig that makes money will be raised.

Use sodium selenite to maintain E in the second trimester of pregnancy

This measure can effectively improve the uniformity and resistance of suckling pigs, and can significantly reduce the probability of diarrhea in suckling pigs, which can be added by intramuscular injection or feed, generally implemented in 30-50 days of pregnancy in sows.

8. Killing parasite in vivo and in vitro before parturition

In vitro and in vivo parasites of sows have little effect on the health and reproductive performance of sows, but have a great impact on suckling piglets, so prenatal deworming is necessary, usually dominated by external parasites and supplemented by internal parasites. Because the internal parasites do little harm to the current pig farms, while the external parasites are often ignored by our pig-raising friends. For suckling pigs, if there are external parasites, it will greatly shorten their sleep time, thus affecting their growth, weight gain and resistance, and are prone to intestinal diseases. In addition to choosing broad-spectrum deworming drugs for pre-parturient sows, it is necessary to do in vitro insecticidal treatment in order to achieve better results.

Cultivate and maintain the appetite of sows

There are four main points: (1) for the sows that achieve the expected fat condition before delivery, the feed should be limited one week before parturition, so that the sows can form a strong appetite and pass it on to the postpartum period.

(2) the diet of sows should be increased slowly within one week after delivery.

(3) the sows should be provided with warm water within 3 days after delivery to ensure the stomach health of the sows.

(4) the sows in the delivery room should take the method of a small amount of meals after one week to prevent stomach injury and maintain the appetite of the sows. If a sow eats more, she will have more milk. Excellent sows often lose weight very seriously, and only by maintaining a good appetite can they maintain their basic physical condition and ensure the high-yield performance of the next production cycle.

Wash and massage to prevent delayed labor and dystocia and speed up the process of labor

Sows that arrive at the due date need to be cleaned and massaged, regardless of whether there are signs of production. The method is simple: wash and massage the vulva and abdomen of sows with warm 0.1% potassium permanganate solution. Of course, cold water can also be used in summer. The significance of this measure is not only to disinfect and promote timely production and smooth delivery of sows, but also to shorten the stage of labor and improve the quality of colostrum.

11. Do a good job in postpartum disease prevention

Sows have strong self-recovery ability after delivery, and generally do not need to do any health care. But in the current complex disease situation, we have to be careful. Mainly to prevent postpartum no milk, postpartum fever, mastitis, uterine inflammation and so on. It is recommended to avoid the use of antibiotics for health care as much as possible, but to choose some microecological preparations, antimicrobial peptides, bioengineering products or proprietary Chinese medicines.

Maintain the health of the uterus and breast

For dystocia and artificial midwifery sows must do a good job of uterine maintenance. We should not only be concerned about the feed intake of postpartum sows, but also need to observe the following three aspects:

(1) look at the material trough, nose mirror and corner of the eye from the front.

(2) look at the back to see if there is dirt coming out of the vulva, whether the stool is dry, and whether the urine is yellow and red.

(3) to observe whether sows are willing to breast-feed. Sows that refuse to breast-feed generally have mastitis or recessive mastitis and must be dealt with in a timely manner. Postpartum sows do not eat, one of the main reasons is hysteritis or mastitis.

XIII. Make a correct diet plan for one week after delivery

The principle is from less to more, to ensure the "three unity", that is, sow food intake, sow milk yield and suckling amount are basically the same, so that the possibility of indigestion in suckling pigs is very small. The specific methods are as follows: in principle, the sows within 12 or 24 hours after delivery do not feed or limit the feed within 1kg, but only provide warm bran salt soup to promote appetite and speed up the elimination of placenta, and then feed quantitatively every day. Generally, 1-2 newborn sows are fed about 500g per day, and parturient sows are about 600g.

XIV. Umbilical cord treatment, leaving no future trouble

The umbilical cord is the nutrition channel of the fetus in the mother, and it is an open window to the outside world after birth. Harmful bacteria in the delivery room may harm suckling pigs through this window. Especially the delivery rooms with poor sanitary conditions and poor temperature and humidity control are more likely to lead to infection. For suckling pigs in many pig farms, red and swollen inflammation can be seen in the place where the umbilical cord fell off a week later, indicating that the umbilical cord was not handled properly.

There are three main points to deal with the umbilical cord correctly:

(1) timely, suckling pigs should be dealt with as soon as they are born, so it is necessary to ensure that someone is responsible for delivery 24 hours a day during sow production:

(2) the vitality of suckling pigs can be obviously improved by making use of the blood in the umbilical cord as much as possible.

(3) the umbilical cord should be kept as long as possible, but do not exceed the leg length, do not touch the ground when standing, ligate away from the limb, and fully disinfect it with iodine tincture.

Removal of canine teeth before breast

After the removal of canine teeth in suckling pigs, the protection of sow nipples and the effective prevention of sow mastitis are obvious. But if it is not handled well, it will bring more harm to sows, so the author suggests that it is better to do not have the conditions or technology to do the pig farm. There are three main points to correctly cut the teeth of a suckling pig:

(1) to select a special tool. Some pig farms even use surgical scissors or family scissors, which not only can not be removed thoroughly, but also make the canine teeth sharper and more likely to bite the nipples of sows or cause mastitis.

(2) to remove thoroughly and neatly, and to check whether the section is qualified with fingers, remedial measures must be taken if it is not up to standard.

(3) Section disinfection, to minimize the stimulation of oral mucosa, so it is recommended to use antibiotics to smear, the effect is also good.

16. Ensure that suckling pigs eat enough colostrum

There is no need for special care for strong groups, but for relatively weak or uneven groups, breeders are needed to make sure that every suckling pig has enough colostrum. What we need to remind our pig friends here is that judging whether sow milk is good or not is definitely not determined by whether sow nipples are suckling, but by whether the stomach of suckling pigs is full and whether the growth of suckling pigs is good or not.

XVII. Timely replenishment of iron

Iron supplementation to suckling pigs can effectively prevent iron deficiency anemia and stimulate the resistance and growth potential of suckling pigs. But it should be pointed out that the choice of the product must contain cobalt and selenium, the effect is more obvious: the second is the time of use, practice has proved that the earlier the effect, the better, it is recommended that you finish it within 24 hours after the birth of the suckling pig.

Because the suckling pig's skin is very delicate, so when making iron agent, we must press the pinholes on the skin after injection to prevent the liquid from flowing out and lead to waste. There are many pig farms after looking back, found that many suckling pigs ear root color staining, indicating that the operation is not standard, suckling pigs did not absorb the prescribed amount of medicine, of course, the effect should be discounted.

XVIII. Timely teaching materials

Successful teaching material means that suckling pigs can eat a specified amount of food intake before weaning.

The first is the choice of teaching material. Practice has proved that low-protein and high-energy feed has far more advantages than high-protein and high-energy feed. Suckling pigs using the former have less pull, large feed intake and good growth, and suckling pigs are more lively and healthy, which can challenge the goal of 30-day-old average individual weight 9kg.

The second is the time to start teaching materials. Generally, it needs to start at the age of 5-7 days, and it is a natural habit for suckling pigs to find something to chew their molars.

Finally, there is the question of method. To create conditions to meet the needs of teaching materials, so that pigs can eat more as soon as possible. The key to the success of the teaching material is that there are a large number of troughs and more points to be placed, the main material trough should be placed between the sow and the heat preservation area, the teaching material trough should be warm and bright, and the feed in the trough should be kept fresh. The time for refeeding or feeding in the trough should be done about 2 hours after the sow is fed. If the suckling pig still does not feed after doing so, then forced feeding is required. To make use of the imitation ability of pigs, you only need to teach the strongest one in the club to eat food.

19. Castration in batches

Castration, that is, castration cannot be done across the board, and the operation time needs to be determined according to the situation of the individual or group. Although the recommended time is 7-15 days old, no more than 21 days old at the latest, it can be postponed to the appropriate time for some weak, sick and low-weight pigs.

Grasp the standard and weaning at the right time

The time of weaning is not determined by temperature, season or environmental conditions, but by the situation of mothers and offspring. The author temporarily calls it the "three elements of weaning":

First, the fat condition of sows, we must ensure that they are a little thinner in the middle, and only such sows will show excellent performance in the next production cycle.

Second, the weight of suckling pigs is generally required to reach more than 6kg, but those with good facilities can also be advanced appropriately.

Third, the feed intake of suckling pigs, at least to achieve daily feed intake equal to or more than daily gain can be weaned, can also be safely weaned.

Adhere to the principle of feeding in the same nest

Weaning has not only physical pressure on piglets, but also psychological pressure, so when designing the delivery room and nursery, it is best to let the piglets have a transition time of more than one week in the delivery room. We call it feeding in the original nest, and it is also called driving the mother to stay. At the same time, we also need to keep the breeder, ambient temperature and feed unchanged, but the diet supply needs to be changed. Referred to as "four no changes", that is, the environment, temperature, personnel, feed and diet plan are unchanged. However, for pig farms with a high level of management, the hardware facilities of the nursery, such as thermal insulation measures, can also enter the nursery directly after weaning.

22. Get rid of the misunderstanding of dietary supply for weaned pigs

Many pig farmers have concluded that moderate restrictions on feeding piglets after weaning can significantly reduce the incidence of diarrhea or edema disease, although in exchange for benefits, it is much better than getting sick. With the continuous progress of feed technology, we can eat freely before and after weaning. What we need to pay attention to is that the significance of free feeding and eating less and eating more after weaning lies in the difference in food intake: the free food intake within one week after weaning generally accounts for about 2.5% and 3.5% of body weight. If the method of eating less and eating more is adopted, then the feed intake of piglets can account for 3.5% and 4.5% of body weight. The feed intake and growth rate of weaned piglets were significantly increased.

Prevention and treatment of external parasites on suckling piglets

Foreign parasite infection exists more or less in the delivery rooms and nurseries of most pig farms. Piglets scratch on fences or walls, and even bran dandruff or depilation occurs on the skin of some individuals. Sometimes it doesn't attract the attention of our pig-raising friends. External parasites can seriously affect the health and resistance of piglets, and even affect the production level of fattening pigs for a lifetime. The prevention and control method is very simple, using topical drugs to drive and kill, generally choose diformamidine, trichlorfon, etc., to make an aqueous solution to spray the surface of the pig's body and the ground, fence and walls within the scope of life.

Two or four, the benefit is 5 degrees

When weaned pigs are transferred from the delivery room to the nursery, if the temperature in the nursery is pre-heated and 5 ℃ higher than that of the weaned piglets in the delivery room, the stress caused by weighing, turning, environment and changes of keepers can be greatly reduced. If your weaned pigs still have problems of one kind or another during the transition, give it a try.

Scientific use of drugs to control diarrhea

Although we have taken very effective measures, diarrhea is inevitable in pig farms. Therefore, scientific medication and symptomatic treatment are very necessary to control diarrhea. 1. The prevention of postpartum diseases such as uterine inflammation and mastitis in sows generally choose long-acting antibiotics such as long-acting oxytetracycline injection, but it should be noted that each injection site should not exceed 10ml to prevent malabsorption from forming cysts. two。 The key to piglet health care is to cultivate resistance and improve digestive tract environment.

3. The treatment of piglet diarrhea should pay special attention to prevent the formation of drug resistance, so advocate the main use of drugs need to be changed on time, and adhere to the course of treatment.

4. In the course of treatment, we must adhere to comprehensive measures such as diarrhea, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, rehydration, cardiotonic, nutrition, heat preservation, pressure prevention and so on. It is particularly important to note that the temperature of rehydration should be similar to or slightly higher than the body temperature of pigs. (source: new Pig net)