Guide to how to breed pigs and how to manage them (serial 9)

Preface

Preface Foreword

Danyu pig is famous for its high yield, but due to the challenges of pig farm construction, feeding management and many other aspects, the production performance of Danyu pig in China has failed to meet the expectations, but the popularity of Danyu pig in China's pig industry is still getting higher and higher. Pig Translation Hall has specially collected a series of materials related to Danyu, and is currently reproducing the Danyu breeding Management Manual produced by the Danish Pig Research Center jointly launched by Hi Meat Technology, Yinglian Feed and Huayang breeding Pig.

Editor's words Editor\'s Note

Breeding is the beginning of a new round of production, and the quality of breeding will directly affect a series of key KPI, such as conception rate, delivery rate, litter size, weaning number and so on. Therefore, the correct management of the breeding house is helpful to improve and maintain the high and stable yield of sows. This manual explains in detail the various techniques of checking and breeding under different production modes, many of which are illustrated and can be directly used as SOP.

16. Physical condition

Body Condition

16.1

16.1 pregnant sows are mainly fed according to their physical condition

Pregnant Sows Should Be Fed Primarily By Body Condition

The sows transferred to the pregnancy house after 4 weeks of mating were fed according to the normal feeding curve.

By inserting in the gestation unit 4 weeks after mating, the group is placed on the normal feed curve.

If the weaker pigs are divided into groups according to the intermediate condition, the sows should be fed according to the curve An and B respectively.

If the weakly group is split down the middle the sows are fed after curve An and B.

Sows that are overweight or thin should be fed separately according to curve 1 or 3.

Different sows should be fed individually according to curve 1 or 3.

Curve 1: fat sows

Curve 1: Fat sows

Curve A: large sows

Curve A: Big sows

Curve 2: sows in moderate condition

Curve 2: Average sows

Curve B: small sows

Curve B: Small sows

Curve 3: thin sows

Curve 3: Skinny sows

Curve 4: backup sow

Curve 4: Gilts

Sows in poor health will be transferred to a spare enclosure.

Sows that come in poor body condition are moved to the spare unit.

Fat sows are more likely to have problems during childbirth, so they need more midwifery. And they also have more leg diseases, resulting in an increase in knockout rates.

Fat sows are more likely to get farrowing problems and thus greater need for farrowing assistance.Furthermore, they have more leg fractures and thus higher mortality.

In winter, due to the low temperature, the feeding curve should generally rise.

In winter season the curves are regulated upwards due to the lower temperature.

1. Fat sows in the delivery room eat less than normal sows, resulting in a smaller body weight of weaned piglets.

Fat sows eat less in the farrowing unit than sows in normal body condition. This gives small pigs at weaning.

2. The total feed consumption of overweight or thin sows was higher than that of stable sows. (about 100 feed units / fetus)

Sows which vary in body condition, have greater total feed consumption than sows with stable body condition (approx. 100 FU/litter)

3. Thin sows are more likely to have shoulder injuries, leg diseases and relapse.

Skinny sows have greater risk of shoulder wounds, leg problems and returning.

16.2

16.2 supplementary note: physical condition

Additional Comments: Body Condition

If parturient and reserve sows are transferred to the pregnancy house immediately after mating, these fields should be locked up for the first 4 weeks (except in the UK). In this way, the sows can be fed separately to ensure that the sows can achieve the same body condition before group breeding 4 weeks after mating. The results showed that feeding 3.8 feed units per day for 4 weeks after mating had a positive effect on litter size of lean sows, but had a negative effect on reserve sows. The energy imbalance in sows due to lactation weightlessness can lead to miscarriage. Sows do not end their growth until after giving birth to their fourth child, so young sows need to be given extra feed.

If the sows and gilts are placed in the gestation unit just after mating, the boxes are locked in the first 4 weeks (except UK). This makes it possible to feed the animals individually, thus ensuring a uniform body condition when the animals are loosened 4 weeks after mating. Experiments have shown a positive effect on the litter size with skinny sows at a high feed strength 3,8 FU per day in the first 4 weeks after mating. In gilts, there is a negative impact of high feed strength in these 4 weeks. A possible weight loss from the farrowing unit should urgently be obtained since sows in negative energy balance may abort. The sows are only fully grown after 4th litter, so therefore young sows should receive extra feed.

Not all sows have the same feed conversion rate. Especially for the very thin sows in the delivery room, it is difficult for them to recover to the same condition even if they are given extra feed. Therefore, the physical condition of sows should be examined and the feed amount of thin and fat sows should be adjusted. Feeding curve An is suitable for sows slightly higher than moderate body condition. Feeding curve B is suitable for young and thin sows. Good health management is the key to feed intake, because for every 1 kg weight gain of sows, more feed is needed.

Not all sows have the same feed conversion. Especially sows that are very emaciated from the farrowing unit, can be difficult to obtain in the same body condition again, even if they are given extra feed. Therefore should the sows' body condition be checked and skinny and fat sows feed quantity should be regulated. Feed curve A meets sows, which is slightly above average. Feed curve B meets young and skinny sows. Good body condition management is critical for the feed consumption, since sows have a high feed consumption per kg weight gain.

Sows that are overweight or thin should be fed separately according to curve 1 or 3.

Different sows should be fed individually according to curve 1 or 3.

Most of the fetal weight increases in the last weeks of pregnancy. Therefore, the amount of feed should be increased to 3.5-4.0 feed units per day during this period, but this does not apply to fat sows.

Fetus have by far the largest growth in the last weeks of gestation. Therefore, the feed strength should be increased in this period from 3,5 to 4,0 FU per day, however not for fat sows.

When feeding liquid feed to pigs, it is best to feed twice a day, as the ratio of dry to wet feed is at least 1:4, and sows cannot adapt to such a large amount of feed. The most important thing is that all feed valves should be opened immediately. If this is not done, the sow will scramble to eat in the pen where the feed is put first, which will cause unnecessary restlessness in the pigsty. When feeding dry feed to pigs, it is recommended to feed pigs once a day and some straw every day.

In herds with liquid feeding, it is advantageous to feed the sows twice a day as sows physically can not accommodate the large feed quantities when the ratio between dry:wet is 1:4 or more. It is important for the pens function that all valves in the pen feed immediately after each other. Failing this, the sows will compete to get into the boxes that are fed first, which creates unnecessary anxiety in the pen. In herds with dry feed one daily feed is recommended, when there is assigned straw daily.

Temperature has a great effect on feed intake of sows. Thin sows have a thinner fat layer than fat sows, so they need more feed to produce heat.

Temperature has great influence on the sows feeding needs. Furthermore, skinny sows have a thinner layer of fat than fat sows and therefore has a bigger need for feed to produce heat.

The drop in temperature requires additional feed to replenish pig feed units:

Extra feed by decreasing temperature Fuso:

17. Pregnancy identification

Pregnancy Test

17.1

17.1 Daily estrus identification

Daily Heat Control

1. Check every day if there are any estrus sows in all the pens.

Every day, you check for sows in heat in all units.

two。 When the sow is quiet, the staff puts his hand in the pocket and makes a tour of the enclosure (disturbing the sow as little as possible) to observe the sow.

Go for a round in the units with your hands in your pockets and observe the animals, when they have calmed down.

3. Restless sows may be in estrus.

Sows that are restless could be in heat.

4. If a sow climbs over another sow, it may be in proestrus. The sow was marked and then identified in estrus for the next 3 days.

If a sow mounts another sow, it could be in pre heat. Mark the sow and check her for heat the next 3 days.

5. The sow may be in estrus.

A sow being mounted could bein heat.

6. Implement the "5 points" of estrus identification and complete the riding back test. if it remains motionless, it means it is in estrus and can be fertilized.

Complete the 5-point-plan and finish with the riding test. If the sow stands still when you sit on her, she is in heat and can be inseminated.

7. Transfer the estrus sows to the breeding house so that the pregnancy house can be kept quiet.

Move sows in heat to the mating unit, so there will be peace in the gestation unit.

In addition to the daily identification of estrus, there are three key points in the identification of estrus and pregnancy, each of which is reflected in the daily work.

In addition to daily heat control, there are three elements in the control of oestrus and pregnancy. Everyone should be a part of the routines.

Estrus sows can be found earlier by using boars to induce estrus. (see 18-scanning techniques)

Control with the boar may reveal sows in early oestrus. (See 18-Scanning technique)

Pregnancy identification (scanning) can be carried out on the 24th day, and suspected sows can be scanned again within a week.

Pregnancy control (scanning) can be performed from day 24 and doubtable sows are scanned again within a week.

Vaccination about 3 weeks before delivery can be used to visually assess whether a sow is pregnant.

At vaccination approx. 3 weeks before farrowing, it is assessed visually if the sows are pregnant.

Riding back test

Riding test

A sow with red and swollen labia, next to a sow with normal labia.

Sow with swollen labia next to a sow with normal labia .

17.2

17.2 improper or failure to identify estrus and pregnancy can lead to

Inadequate Or No Oestrus- And Pregnancy Control Leads To

1. The regurgitation sow and the empty sow were not identified. This can lead to continuous fluctuations in the number of groups.

Returners and empty sows are not being identified. They create turbulence in the group with slipping and returning to come.

two。 The annual parity of sows and the number of weaned piglets decreased. Empty sows lead to an increase in non-production days.

Fewer litters and thus fewer weaners per sow per year.

3. The cost per non-production day is DKK 20.

Empty sows give non-productive days. One non-productive day costs 20 Danish krones.

Climb across

Mounting

17.3

17.3 additional note: pregnancy identification

Additional Comments: Pregnancy Test

Estrus sows can be found in time through daily estrus identification. 30-50% of the estrus sows were found within 3 weeks after mating, and the rest (50-70%) were found at other times. Therefore, the daily identification of estrus is very important.

By implementing a daily heat check you detect RETURNERS in time. 30-50% of the returners are detected 3 weeks after their mating day, the rest (50-70%) are found in the interim period. Therefore, heat check is necessary every day.

Signs of estrus:

Oestrus signs are:

1. Sows let other sows or boars climb across.

The sow let other sows and the boar mount her.

2. The sow follows the staff.

The sow follows the manager around the pen.

3. Sows are extremely active.

The sow is hyperactive.

4. Sows look for boars.

The sow seeks the boar.

5. Sows appear on the list of uneaten foods in electronic sow feeders.

The sow may act on the remnant list of ESF.

6. The labia of sows is swollen.

The sow has swollen labia.

7. The sow makes a "whispering" sound.

The sow "buzz"

Boars can help find estrus sows, but boars can't find all estrus sows.

The boar can be a help to find the oestrus sows, but the boar doesn't discover all the oestrus sows.

1. Boars and sows fall in love at first sight.

Both the sow and boar have preferences ("love at first sight").

2. The estrus symptoms of young and low-grade sows are not obvious.

Young and low ranking sows do not dare to show oestrus.

Boars can be used as a quick tool for finding empty sows, but they are uncertain.

The boar should be regarded as a tool to find empty sows quickly. The boar is not a certainty.

Many empty sows are not periodic, so they can't be found by checking, they can only be found by scanning.

Many empty sows are not in cycle. Therefore, one can not find them by heat check. They can only be found by scanning.

The scan does not have to be done 24 days after mating, but if it is scanned too early, the results are uncertain because it is difficult to see the embryo on the screen. If the scan confirms that the sow is empty, it should be transferred to the breeding shed immediately.

Scanning can not with certainty be made from day 24 after mating. If the scan is done too early, the results is uncertain since the embryos are difficult to see on the scanner screen. If the sow scanned empty she is immediately moved to the mating unit.

If you are in doubt about the scan results, you can make a clear mark on the sow and record the pen and number of the sow. An accurate result should be obtained on the next scan.

If you have doubt about the outcome the sow is clearly marked and number and section is noted. At the next scan there should be achieved a safe outcome.

If the sow is found to be empty or still uncertain during the second scan, it will be transferred to the breeding shed.

If the sow empty at the second scan, or you are unsure, the sow is moved to the mating unit.

All sows that are not sure if they are pregnant should be scanned again within a week. Empty sows should be transferred to the breeding house immediately, which will make the estrus of sows more significant.

All sows where there is doubt about pregnancy, is scanned again within a week. Empty sows are immediately moved to the mating unit, which often triggers a more pronounced heat.

See 18-scanning technique

See 18-Scanning technique

The condition of the sow should be evaluated while scanning, and the feeding curve should be adjusted if necessary.

While scanning the sows are assessed on body condition and the feed curve is adjusted if necessary.

When vaccinated (the 90th day of pregnancy), the pregnancy of the sow can be evaluated. If in doubt, scan immediately.

By vaccination (day 90), it is estimated if the sows are pregnant. By doubt they are scanned.