How to grow orchids? Culture methods and matters needing attention of Orchid

Orchids, also known as Chinese orchids, terrestrial orchids and orchids, are perennial herbaceous flowers of the genus Orchidaceae. Originated in China, which is widely distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Tibet, it is not only a traditional precious flower in China, but also a famous flower in the world.

People have always regarded orchids as a symbol of nobility and elegance, and together with plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum, they are called "four gentlemen". Orchid with delicate fragrance and chrysanthemum, daffodils, calamus also known as "flowers and plants four elegant", and orchid ranks first. The orchid is simple and unadorned, the leaf color is evergreen, the leaf quality is soft and firm, the flower fragrance is Qingyuan, it has extremely high ornamental value, it is the treasure of displaying living room, living room or decorating study and foyer. Here is a detailed introduction to how to raise orchids.

I. soil selection

The soil for orchid should be mainly humus, mainly humus soil or mountain humus soil. In the south, humus soil of origin, commonly known as orchid mud, can also be used to prepare loose, aerated and permeable culture soil with saprophyllite, vermiculite, perlite and so on. Generally, 8 parts of rotten leaf soil and 2 parts of river sand were mixed into culture soil, or 7 parts of rotten leaf soil, 2 parts of perlite, 1 part of river sand mixed culture soil, or 6 parts of rotten leaf soil (peat soil), 3 parts of compost soil and 1 part of river sand mixed culture soil. All the above culture soils are slightly acidic.

II. Fertilization methods

Orchid fertilization, one is to apply base fertilizer in the culture soil, and the other is to topdressing during the growing period. Topdressing often uses liquid fertilizer or foliar fertilizer, and its concentration should be lighter than that of other flowers. Orchids change the culture soil once a year, apply less topdressing during the growth period, and pay attention to timely. Generally, in the growing season, about 15% of fully mature thin cake fertilizer water can be applied, or 0.1% urea fertilizer water plus 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer water, once every 15 days; 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or plant ash water can be sprayed to the leaf surface 2 times before flowering to flowering stage to promote the development of roots, stems and flowers. Orchids are fleshy roots, do not apply unripe fertilizer, so as not to rot the roots.

Third, watering method

Watering orchids should be determined according to species, growth conditions and local climate, should be moist but not wet, dry but not dry; watering should not be too much or too little, and grasp the principle of not drying in autumn and not wet in winter. When the temperature is low in winter, the plant is in a dormant state, so watering should be controlled. Generally, it can be watered every 5-7 days, but the flowering magnolia in winter needs more water.

The water is watered every 2-3 days in spring and autumn, and the orchid is flourishing in summer when the temperature is high, with an average of 1 to 2 times a day. When watering, we should pay attention to prevent water spots from splashing on the leaves, so as not to appear black spots and affect the ornamental effect. During the growth period of orchids, water should be often sprayed on the leaves and sprinkled on the ground around flowerpots in summer to increase air humidity and promote the growth and development of orchids. Rain Water and Xueshui are the best water for watering orchids. If tap water is used, it should be stored for 2-3 days.

IV. Temperature requirements

Northern potted orchids should be moved indoors when the temperature drops to 5 ℃ before and after the Frost Festival, and windows should be often opened at the initial stage to maintain ventilation. It is suitable to keep the room temperature about 10 ℃ in winter. Grain Rain later moved to the outside for maintenance. The suitable temperature for orchid growth is 16: 24 ℃. In winter, the indoor temperature is generally low, 10: 12 ℃ in the daytime and 5: 10 ℃ at night, the temperature and humidity should not be too high, and the summer temperature should not exceed 30 ℃.

5. Lighting requirements

Orchids like shade and are afraid of bright light, so they should be shaded in spring, summer and autumn. For family orchids, in order to control the amount of light, it is best to put them on the balcony windowsill or under the eaves with bamboo shade, generally shading from 9 am to 6 pm, and opening the curtain after 6 pm in the morning and after 6 pm to make it accept scattered sunlight. In winter, it should be moved to the place where the scattered light is visible indoors, but direct sunlight should also be avoided. The shade tolerance of orchids was the strongest, followed by Jian Lan, while Chunlan and Cymbidium were weaker.

VI. The method of putting on the basin

The environment where orchids are cultivated should be well ventilated, moist and pollution-free. The orchid basin should choose a high basin. The top is thick and the bottom is thin, with multiple drainage holes, or the basin wall is provided with drainage holes. The orchid pot itself should also have ornamental value.

Due to the slow growth of orchids, the pots can be changed every 1 ~ 2 years after the flowers fade. When putting on the basin, fill in tile grains, slag and so on about 3 cm at the bottom of the basin to facilitate drainage. Then, put into a layer of culture soil, and then put the orchid seedling into the middle of the basin, straighten the root straight and let it stretch naturally. Gently lift the orchid seedling in the middle of the filling, shake the flowerpot at the same time, so that the soil is closely combined with the root, when filling the soil 2cm away from the mouth of the basin, gently press it with your hand. After planting, pour water thoroughly and put it in a cool place, spray water once every morning and afternoon, and move to a shady place with flowers for maintenance after about 7-10 days.

VII. matters needing attention

1. Orchids are mainly distributed in the southeast and southwest. Most of them are wild in the shade places under the sparse forests and rock edges of the moist valleys, so they like warm and humid climate, like shade and dampness, and require shade of 70% to 90%, avoiding high temperature, dryness and strong light.

2. The withered and yellow old leaves and disease and insect leaves should be cut off continuously in orchid cultivation to facilitate ventilation. After the flower buds are unearthed, each plant should leave a strong flower bud and the rest should be cut off so as not to consume too much nutrients and affect flowering in the coming year. After the flower fades, the flower stalk should be cut off.

3. In winter, attention should be paid to cold protection, geophytic orchids have strong cold resistance, while orchids require higher overwintering temperature, so they should move indoors or use plastic sheds as soon as possible to avoid cold, and the room temperature should be kept at 10: 15 ℃. Indoor maintenance should pay attention to ventilation. The climate is getting warmer in spring, and gradually move the orchid to the courtyard or balcony.

4. Natural Rain Water, stream water, well water and river water are the best for family cultivation of orchids. If tap water is used, it should be stored in a tank first, and then used after being exposed to the sun to remove bleach. If the flowers are watered with tap water for a long time, the cultivation substrate will be gradually alkalized. Ferrous sulfate can be applied every once in a while to increase the acidity of the soil. in addition, watering orchids with fermented Amoy rice water can also keep the soil slightly acidic.

VIII. Methods of reproduction

Orchids are often propagated by ramet and tissue culture, and the varieties are cultivated by sowing method.

1. Ramet propagation: ramet is carried out in spring and autumn, which varies with different species. The species of flowering in winter and spring should be in late autumn, and the species of flowering in summer and autumn should be carried out before sprouting in early spring. It is common to have a ramet every 2-3 years. It is necessary to reduce watering before ramet, so that the basin soil should be properly dried; when ramet, hold the basin by hand, gently knock the mother plant out of the basin, remove the soil, cut off the rotten roots and leaves, then wash them with clean water and leave them in the shade for 3-5 hours. when the floating water disappears, the roots are white, soft and slightly wrinkled, then cut with a sharp knife from the middle of the false bulb, spread plant ash at the cut, and plant immediately after drying. Ramet operation should be careful to prevent damage to leaf buds and fleshy roots. Put it in the shade after putting it on the basin, and then transfer to normal management after resuming growth.

2. Tissue culture and rapid propagation: in recent years, a large number of orchids have been produced by tissue culture in China. In addition to breeding orchids, tissue culture techniques are also used in the propagation of Phalaenopsis, Cymbidium, Dendrobium and other orchids.