Preparation of substrate and nutrient solution for soilless Culture of Flowers

Soilless cultivation is a new advanced technology of flower cultivation in recent years, which has the following advantages: (1) good quality. Because the hydroponic nutrient solution is prepared according to the needs of flowers, which is beneficial to the growth of flowers. As a result, the flowers are large, dense, colorful, have a long flowering period, and can blossom ahead of time. (2) economize on nutrients, water and labor. Hydroponic culture only needs to replenish the nutrient solution to flowers regularly, which is easy to operate, labor-saving and time-saving. (3) cleanliness, no weeds and few diseases and insect pests. The fertilizer used for hydroponic flowers is a nutrient solution prepared with inorganic elements, which is both clean and hygienic.

I. Matrix

The main function of the substrate used in soilless cultivation is to fix flowers and plants in containers to preserve nutrients and water for plant growth. Therefore, the matrix with certain water retention, drainage, strength and stability and no harmful substances should be selected. At present, the substrates commonly used for soilless cultivation in China are: (1) sand culture. Using sand particles less than 3 mm in diameter as the matrix, the nutrient solution is dripping into the sand for flowers to absorb. (2) gravel culture. The matrix is made of natural gravel, pumice and volcanic rocks with a diameter greater than 3 mm. (31 vermiculite. Vermiculite is a mica mineral with good buffering property, insoluble in water, and contains magnesium and potassium that can be used by flowers. (4) perlite. It is a siliceous material, mainly used for seed germination, with it mixed with mudstone and sand, the effect is better. (5) Peat. It has good air permeability and high water holding capacity. it can be used as a matrix alone or mixed with slag. In addition, slag, bricks, charcoal, asbestos, sawdust, fern root, bark and other things can be used as substrates, but they need to be washed and sterilized before use.

2. Nutrient solution

Soilless cultivation of flowers needs nutrient solution, and the various elements used in preparation and their dosage should be determined according to the varieties of cultivated flowers and their different growth periods and different areas. The formula for cultivating flowers in the north is as follows: 0.22 grams of ammonium phosphate, 1.05 grams of potassium nitrate, 0.16 grams of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, and 0.01 grams of ferrous sulfate in 1 liter of water. The formula for cultivating flowers in the south is as follows: 0.94 grams of calcium nitrate, 0.58 grams of potassium nitrate, 0.36 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.49 grams of magnesium sulfate and 0,01 grams of ferrous sulfate in 1 liter of water. Nutrient solution usage: potted peanuts are watered once a week for a long time, and the dosage each time can be determined according to the plant size. For example, the positive flowers with a diameter of 20 cm in the flowerpot should be watered about 100 ml each time. The dosage of shade-resistant flowers should be reduced and watered every half a month or one month during winter or dormancy. Tap water is still used for water supplement at ordinary times, and flower maintenance is basically the same as the traditional method. The preparation of nutrient solution, such as tap water, because it contains chloride, harmful to flowers, should add a small amount of sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate: such as river and lake water, need to be filtered, the temperature of nutrient solution for all kinds of flowers should be determined according to their ecological habits. For example, the optimum temperature is 10-12 ℃ for tulips, 12-15 ℃ for carnation, mimosa and ferns, 15-18 ℃ for chrysanthemum, gladiolus, iris, hyacinth, daffodils and lilies, 20-25 for rose, rose, zinnia, African chrysanthemum, begonia, and 25-30 ℃ for Wang lotus, cactus and other tropical flowers. Do not use metal containers to prepare and store nutrient solutions. apply ceramics, enamels, plastics and glassware. First dissolve various elements with a small amount of warm water of 50 ℃. Then pour them one by one in the order listed in the formula and fill them with water equivalent to 75% of the specified capacity. Pour while stirring, and finally add the water to the full amount. When in use, people should be poured from different parts.