Prevention and control methods of diseases and insect pests in family flowers

In the control of diseases and insect pests, a little carelessness will cause plant phytotoxicity, which is manifested as leaf spot, burning, perforation, withering, yellowing, whitening, leaf rolling, thick leaves, deformity, deciduous leaves, etc.; in the flower, it is manifested as petal scorch, bud drop, flower drop, etc. In severe cases, it can cause the whole plant to die. Once phytotoxicity occurs, the following emergency measures should be taken to significantly reduce phytotoxicity and promote the plant to return to normal.

(1)Spray: For phytotoxicity caused by systemic pesticides, spray water immediately to wash the affected plants to reduce the pesticide content in their bodies. If pesticide irrigates the soil and causes pesticide damage, the soil should be soaked with large water. After irrigation, pay attention to drainage and do not accumulate water. Do this 2 or 3 times to wash away the pesticide residue in the soil.

(2)Spray: If the phytotoxicity causes the leaf whitening, the available granular 50% sodium humate, dissolved with a small amount of water, and then mixed with 3000 times water for foliar spray, or with the same method mixed with water 500 times irrigation soil, 3 to 5 days later may make the leaves turn green. If the copper ions in Bordeaux mixture produce phytotoxicity, it can be removed by spraying 0.5% to 1% lime water. Such as by the stone sulfur mixture of phytotoxicity, can be sprayed on the basis of foliar water and watering 40()-500 times of rice vinegar diluent, in order to reduce phytotoxicity. When dimethoate is used improperly, it can be sprayed with 200 times borax diluent 1 or 2 times.

(3)Fattening: Plant growth is hindered and weakened after phytotoxicity. After taking the above corresponding measures, it is advisable to supplement fertilizer in time. No matter what kind of phytotoxicity, foliar spraying with 0.1%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, or mixed spraying with 0.3%-0.4% urea solution and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, once every 5 - 7 days, continuous spraying for 2 - 3 times, can significantly reduce the losses caused by phytotoxicity.

(4)Water injection to trunk: When controlling boring longicorn beetle, Jiding insect and other pests, when the pesticide concentration is too high and causes phytotoxicity, a large amount of water should be injected into the trunk immediately like injection. If it is acid pesticide poisoning, add some quicklime to the water injection; otherwise, add some rice vinegar to the water injection to accelerate the neutralization and decomposition of pesticides.

(5)Strengthen the cultivation tube: The plants affected by the pesticide should pay attention to three aspects in the cultivation tube: one is to properly trim, cut off dead branches, remove dead leaves, prevent the spread of dead parts or diseases caused by infection by germs; the other is to loosen the soil to improve the permeability of the soil, promote the development of the root system, and enhance its ability to absorb water and fertilizer; the third is to use urea and other quick-acting fertilizers to apply fertilizer outside the root (spraying foliar fertilizer) to promote the rapid recovery of the plant.

When there is no medicament in the family, washing powder, soap, tobacco lime water, tea seed cake, garlic, plantain, derris, datura, pyrethrum, etc. can be used as raw materials to control diseases and insect pests, which can also play a very good role.

(1)Washing powder: neutral washing powder diluted with water 40() times, spraying on plants, spraying once every 5 to 6 days, spraying 2 to 3 times continuously, effective in controlling aphids, whiteflies and red spiders. If you want to eliminate scale insects, available 20 times liquid, every I weeks spray I times, continuous spray 2 times.

(2)Soap: Soap 1 water 50 a 60, hot water after melting spray, can control aphids, scale insects and so on.

(3)Soak part I of tobacco in 10 parts of boiled water, take out and filter after repeatedly kneading for several times after water cooling, add part I of quicklime and 10 parts of water to prepare lime emulsion, pour lime emulsion into tobacco water before spraying, add 1 times of water to stir evenly, and spray. Can control aphids, thrips, wax, spiral elephant, leafhoppers, leaf rollers, leaf miners and other pests.

(4)Tea seed cake ground with boiling water soak 1 day and night, and then filtered, diluted with water 20-30 times spray, can control aphids, snails and clams, etc. Water diluted 100 times spray, rust control. Dilute 10 - 15 times with water and pour on the soil to prevent and control a variety of underground pests such as wax, cutworm, insect, and flower.

(5)The garlic mash, extract juice, add water 20 to 25 times stir immediately after filtering spray, can control aphids, red spiders, scale insects nymph, gray mold, root rot and so on.

(6)Take plantain fresh grass 500g mashed, add water 500g boiling, filter and irrigate the ground, can prevent and control underground pests; spray 4 times liquid, can prevent and control chafers, stink bugs, aphids, red spiders and so on.

(7)Rotenone is contained in the stem, which has strong stomach toxicity and contact killing effect on pests. The derris ground into powder, take 500 grams of powder and add 150 - 350 kg of water, and then add 250 grams of neutral washing powder, mix and stir evenly filtered spray. Can control aphids, red spiders, foot agkistrodon, moth and other pests.

(8)Take 500 grams of fresh datura, chop, add 5 kilograms of water, boil for half an hour, filter and spray. Can control aphids, red spiders, corn borers and so on.

(9)Pyrethrum has strong contact toxicity and weak stomach toxicity to pests. Will dry white pyrethrum into powder, take 50 grams of powder and add 10 to 20 kilograms of water, stir and filter after adding a small amount of neutral washing powder, mix well after spraying. It can prevent and control leaf rollers, leaf miners, stink bugs, aphids, thrips, panicles and other pests.