Practical study on the Application of soilless cultivation Technology in Flower planting

Soilless cultivation technology uses modern science and technology to adopt non-land media to cultivate flowers, which avoids the disadvantages of soil culture to a great extent, saves financial resources and a lot of labor, and makes effective use of space. it plays a very important role in the large-scale planting of flowers.

1 characteristics of soilless cultivation techniques

Soilless cultivation is a method of growing plants with nutrient solutions or other forms of fertilization without using substrates or natural soil. The soilless cultivation of flowers is the application of soilless cultivation technology to the planting of flowers. ① grows fast, the quality of flowering is good, the florescence is longer and the number of flowering is more. ② is equipped with nutrient solution according to the different needs of different flowers, which not only simplifies many labor links in traditional planting, but also saves water and fertilizer, and reduces the waste of resources. ③ supplies the nutrients needed by plants by inorganic salts, which reduces the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and ensures the cleanliness of the environment. ④ soilless cultivation technology breaks the restriction of space on plants, and can make full use of three-dimensional space for plant cultivation, which has great production potential.

2 types of soilless cultivation techniques

The soilless cultivation of flowers in China can be divided into two types: hydroponic culture and solid substrate culture.

Solid substrate culture refers to allowing flowers to grow in natural or synthetic solid substrates to fix roots and provide nutrients for plants. There are many raw materials that can be used as matrix, such as perlite, plain sand, gravel, ceramsite and so on, some of which can be mixed or used alone. The common characteristic of these substrates is that they have the basic function of soil, can provide water and nutrition to plants continuously and evenly, have certain drainage and water retention, and have certain stability and strength, and can not contain harmful substances. The ideal matrix should not cause pollution, do not emit pungent odors and have a stable chemical buffer capacity. In addition, the solid matrix should also have the nutrients needed by plants, so that the amount of fertilizer can be reduced and the breeding cost can be reduced.

Hydroponic culture means that the roots of plants grow directly in the nutrient solution. When cultivating flowers, they generally do not use solid substrates except when raising seedlings. The nutrient elements needed for flower growth generally include a large number of elements such as O, H, N, C, P, S, K, Ca and very few trace elements. Soilless cultivation of flowers requires artificial rationing of nutrients, that is, the preparation of nutrient solution. Whether the configuration of nutrient solution is reasonable or not will directly affect the survival and growth of flowers, so its rationing and management is the core issue of soilless cultivation. In the preparation of nutrient solution, the dosage and proportion of various elements should be determined according to different flower varieties and their different growth periods and regional conditions. finally, a specified amount of water should be added to form a specific nutrient solution.

(3) Application of soilless cultivation in flower planting.

(1) raising seedlings.

The soilless seedling of flowers can be divided into cutting seedling, sowing seedling and tissue culture seedling. The seedlings cultivated by soilless cultivation have a high rate of strong seedlings, which is neat and convenient for mechanized production. The research of Gao Lei et al showed that the survival rate of Anthurium andraeanum treated with vermiculite + perlite + peat at 1:1:2 was the highest, and the seedlings were healthy and formed quickly. the survival rate of Anthurium andraeanum treated with vermiculite + perlite + peat at 1:2:2 was higher, the robust leaves grew more prosperous, and the raw material was very cheap, so it was suitable to be the substrate of Anthurium andraeanum. Through the above examples, it can be seen that compared with the traditional seedling raising method, soilless cultivation method saves more time and labor, the root system of the nursery stock is more developed, and the survival rate is higher after transplanting, which is suitable for large-scale industrial seedling cultivation.

(2) cut and potted flowers.

Cut flowers mainly study the application of substrates suitable for cultivating fresh cut flowers, formula of nutrient solution and regulation of environmental factors in soilless cultivation. The research of potted flower focuses on its suitable substrate for planting, the conditions of cultivation and management and the formula of nutrient solution. For example, Zhang Xiaobing made a full comparison of the nutrient solution of soilless cultivation of rose, and Chen Fadi studied the soilless cultivation technology of carnation in China. There are many kinds of cut flowers and potted flowers in China, and their suitable substrate, environmental factors and nutrient solution are different. A lot of research is still needed to meet the needs of production to provide better technical support for the further development of cut flowers and potted flowers.

(3) Roof greening.

With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, higher requirements have been put forward for the living and working environment. In order to meet the needs of people's modern life, improve the living environment, purify the air of the city, and increase the area of green space, our country has begun the research on roof greening. However, there are many problems in roof greening, such as building load, waterproofing and drainage. In order to solve these problems more effectively, soilless cultivation technology has been introduced into the project of roof greening in our country.

(4) Water surface greening.

As the name implies, water surface greening is to carry out greening and maintenance in the water area. After a variety of previous experiments, the surface soilless floating planting technology has become more and more mature, and many kinds of flower plants, such as canna, big flower cover grass and parasol grass, have fully adapted to the surface floating cultivation technology. Water surface greening not only beautifies the environment, but also purifies the water quality, expands the application range of soilless cultivation, and has a good development prospect.

(5) lawn greening.

Lawn greening plays an important role in urban landscaping. The coverage of lawn greening is one of the important indicators to measure the modern city. In the past, the production of lawn is based on soil, the effect of lawn molding is relatively poor, but also a waste of seeds, the cost of planting is high. The application of soilless cultivation to the cultivation of lawn can solve these problems, which not only has a good shaping effect, but also saves seeds, but also reduces the cost of planting.

4 application prospect

The development level and application degree of soilless cultivation technology is an important index to measure the level of agricultural modernization in the world. Soilless cultivation technology in China started relatively late, but it has developed rapidly, especially in recent years, relevant experts in China have carried out a series of important studies on soilless cultivation technology combined with the specific conditions of our country. China's soilless cultivation technology has made a great development and is more adapted to the production situation of our country. At present, the soilless cultivation technology of flowers in China has changed from small-scale experimental research to the application stage of large-scale production. with the further development of society and the improvement of science and technology, the development speed of soilless cultivation technology will be more rapid. the degree of modernization, intensification and automation will also be gradually improved, and the production benefit will be more obvious.

The application prospect of soilless cultivation of flowers is quite broad, and the soilless cultivation technology can be used to plant flowers in deserts, saline lands and oil fields which are not suitable for flower growth. Moreover, the soilless cultivation technology of flowers also has great market potential in the application of family flowers, because compared with soil-cultivated flowers, it has the characteristics of high quality, no pollution, safety and health, long flowering period and so on. so it is more popular among people who grow flowers indoors. The reason why this achievement has not been popularized in indoor flower cultivation is that the cost is relatively high and the technology is not perfect, but with the maturity of this technology, the development of soilless cultivation in indoor flower cultivation must be promising.

5 conclusion

To sum up, compared with the traditional soil culture methods, the soilless cultivation technology of flowers has many characteristics, such as long flowering period, prosperous growth, fertilizer saving, clean and clean, and so on. It is also widely used in the breeding of flowers, cut flowers and potted flowers. It is widely used in the greening of roof, water and lawn, and its further development is for the large-scale and factory of flower market. It plays a very important role.