How to prune flowers? The methods and techniques of pruning and shaping of Family Flowers

Shaping and pruning is an important technical measure in the daily cultivation and management of flowers. In a broad sense, "trimming" refers to pruning the tree posture, and "pruning" refers to pruning branches. Through shaping and pruning, we can not only make the plant neat, hierarchical, staggered, moderate height, beautiful shape, and improve ornamental value, but also cut off unnecessary branches in time, which can save nutrients, adjust tree potential and improve light transmission conditions. in order to regulate and control the growth and development of flowers and trees, so as to promote strong growth and fruitful flowers. This paper explains the content of flower and tree pruning, including pruning, heart-picking, leaf-picking, bud-peeling, fruit-thinning, bud-wiping, shoot-cutting, root-cutting and so on.

After pruning, foliage plants are beneficial to sprout new branches, produce more new leaves and enhance the ornamental effect. If shaping and pruning is not carried out for a long time, first, the branches sprouting at the base of flowers and trees grow in clusters, resulting in the dispersion of nutrients, the imbalance of branches and stems, and the phenomenon of luxuriant top branches and leaves and "bare legs" in the lower part, which is very ugly. The second is to allow its natural growth, not only the branches grow disorderly, but also grow taller and taller, some indoor flowers and trees become tall, affecting indoor lighting, and make the flowering position move up, thus greatly reducing the number of flowering, greatly affecting the ornamental effect. Therefore, shaping and pruning is an indispensable daily management measure for the cultivation of flowers. The flower proverb "seven points depends on management, three points depends on cutting" is scientifically reasonable, and it is also an important flower cultivation experience.

The best time for flower pruning

There are many kinds of flowers, and different types of flowers and trees have different pruning times. When pruning flowers and trees that mainly watch flowers, it is necessary to master the flowering habits of different flowers and trees.

Where spring flowering, such as plum blossom, green peach, Yingchun, etc., their flower buds are formed on the branches of the previous year, so it is not suitable for winter pruning, such as pruning before sprouting in early spring will cut the flower branches. Pruning should be carried out within 1-2 weeks after flowering, which can not only promote the germination of new shoots, but also form flower branches in the coming year. If you wait until autumn and winter pruning, the branches that have formed flower buds in summer will be damaged, affecting the flowering of the following year.

All flowers and trees that bloom on the branches of the current year, such as rose, Fusang, poinsettia, hibiscus, kumquat, bergamot, etc., should be pruned during the winter dormancy period to promote them to send more shoots, blossom and bear more fruit. Liana flowers, generally do not need pruning, only cut off the old and dense branches.

Flowers and trees dominated by foliage can also be pruned during the dormant period.

How to prune flowers during their growing period

1. Cracking: in order to prevent the branches from growing too much, or to form a certain artistic shape, cracking is often carried out when the buds sprout slightly in early spring. The extensive technique is to break the branch by hand; the fine technique is to cut the branch with a knife, then bend the branch carefully, and apply mud at the cut to prevent the wound from evaporating too much water.

2. Removing buds (that is, wiping buds): usually remove the lateral buds or mulberry buds that germinate on the branches.

3. Coring: remove 2-5 cm from the tip of the new shoot to inhibit the growth of the new shoot and transfer nutrients to reproductive growth. When the buds on the top of the new shoots sprout secondary shoots, you can wait for it to grow several leaves and then pick the heart again.

4. Twist tip: twist the new shoot without breaking the mother branch, which is often used when the new shoot grows too long. The purpose of twisting is to prevent the transport of nutrients and water to the growth point, weaken the growth potential of branches, and be conducive to the formation of flower branches. At the same time, because the stimulation is small, it will not produce secondary shoots.

3. Curved branches (bending, binding, banding): that is, bending, binding or supporting the branches or new shoots to control the sprouting of the branches or their buds, and can also be used to shape the trees in various artistic shapes.

4. Leaf removal: the ventilation and light transmission conditions are improved by properly removing too many leaves.

5. Picking buds: in order to obtain large and gorgeous flowers, lateral buds can be removed to promote the growth of main buds.

6. fruit picking: sometimes in order to make the branches grow and enrich and avoid excessive nutrient consumption, young fruits are often removed; sometimes in order to obtain large and good quality fruits, appropriate fruit thinning is carried out; sometimes the fruits are often removed in order to keep the flowers blooming.

Four methods of pruning flowers during dormancy

1. Truncation: that is, to cut off the stem or thick main branch, backbone branch and so on. When cutting off the thick side branches, first saw under the base of the thick branches from the bottom to the top and then cut off the thick side branches from the top to the bottom to avoid splitting. Finally, the wound is flattened with a sharp blade and coated with a protective agent to prevent insect disease or evaporation of water.

2. Sparse pruning: the whole branch is cut off from the base without retaining the buds at the base. Thinning and pruning can make the branch distribution reasonable and symmetrical, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the canopy chamber, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. The main objects of thinning are disease and insect branches, damaged branches, dense branches, dry and withered branches, parallel branches, over-dense cross branches, weak drooping branches, interference branches and so on. Generally speaking, thinning should reduce the number of branches and buds and prevent the emergence of too many new shoots and consume nutrients, so it is beneficial to flower bud differentiation and flowering and fruiting.

3. Pruning: to cut off part of the annual branches and retain several buds at the base, in order to stimulate the germination of lateral buds below the cutting mouth, sprout new shoots, increase the number of branches, and promote multiple leaves and flowers. At the same time, it can shorten the distance between branches and leaves and roots, and facilitate the transport of nutrients. Cutting can also change the position of the top dominance and control the size of the crown and the length of the branches.

4. Shearing: it is the cutting of perennial branches, which is mostly used for the renewal of branches or backbone branches, or tightening the crown, etc. When retreating, strong branches and upright branches should be left under the cut, and the wound should be small, so that the branches below the cut can flourish or stimulate the sprouting of medulla buds. The main thing is to renew the branches centrally, so as to be stronger.