Supplementary nutritional Technology of Edible Fungi

In the production of edible fungi, the yield and quality of edible fungi can be effectively improved by scientifically and reasonably replenishing all kinds of nutrients needed for the growth of edible fungi. However, in the process of replenishing nutrition, improper methods can also be counterproductive. The author summarizes the production practice experience in recent years as follows for reference.

1 carefully choose the method of rehydration

There are three ways to replenish nutrition to edible fungi: spraying, pouring and soaking. The most commonly used method is to prepare fertilizers and nutrients into a certain concentration of nutrient solution, combined with water spray on the bacterial block or bacterial bed. When spraying in the mushroom bud stage, the nutrient solution should be sprayed in the mushroom-free place of the mushroom bed or near the small mushroom bud, then spray clean water several times, and wash the fruiting body with clean water. Spraying nutrient solution is best after the harvest of edible fungi, the bed or block has been cleaned up, and the hyphae have been restored to some extent. The soaking method can also be used for fungus block and section wood. Generally, after each tide mushroom is harvested, it is put into a configured solution containing all kinds of nutrients, and the upper surface is covered with a mesh and heavy objects are pressed to ensure that all of them enter the nutrient solution, so that they can fully absorb nutrients and then send bacteria after they are full. The filling method can also be used on the bacterial bed, the soil cover on the bed can be removed, the funnel is inserted into the culture material, and then covered with nutrient solution. The distance of the filling hole is 10cm, and each hole is filled with nutrient solution of about 5mL. Straw mushroom can be directly drilled and then filled.

(2) overall consideration of supplementary nutrition

Edible fungus cultivation is one of the ways of soilless cultivation, its ingredients pay attention to comprehensive nutrition, good air permeability, supplementary nutrition in the cultivation process also pay attention to nutritional balance, targeted. Glucose is a carbon nutrient, urea is a nitrogen nutrient, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is a phosphorus and potassium nutrient, as well as other trace element nutrition or organic nutrition. Nitrogen nutrients can effectively promote the growth of mycelium, while carbon nutrients can effectively promote the formation of fruiting bodies. Accordingly, if long-term supplement or emphasis on nitrogen nutrition supplement, it is possible to promote mycelium growth, fruiting body is difficult to form. On the contrary, the growth of the fruiting body will be hindered and the yield will decrease because of the lack of nutrition. No matter what kind of nutrition is focused on, it will not achieve the desired goal, just like the barrel principle. Therefore, different nutrients must be supplemented alternately, and comprehensive biogas slurry and rice washing water can be considered to prepare nutrient solution to meet the growth and development of edible fungi for a variety of nutrients. On the fungus bed, the nutrient solution that adds nutrients is generally applied first, and then highly efficient nutrients are applied to facilitate the growth of fruiting bodies.

(3) determine the dosage scientifically and reasonably.

The supplementary nutrient solution should not be used too much at one time, otherwise the humidity of the culture material will be high and the oxygen content in the culture material will be greatly reduced, which is very disadvantageous to the growth of mycelium. When replenishing the nutrient solution, you should carefully check the humidity of the cultivation materials. if the humidity is too high, you can appropriately increase the concentration of the nutrient solution to reduce the amount of water added. If the water loss of the culture material is too much and the water content is too small, the concentration of the nutrient solution should be reduced appropriately, and the water content of the ingredients should be replenished with the supplement of nutrition. Two days before the supplement, stop humidifying the mushroom shed. After the supplement, increase the ventilation rate and drain the moisture. The concentration of the nutrient solution should not be too high, generally 1%-2% diluent.

(4) the use of rotten fertilizer should be operated in accordance with the regulations.

Organic fertilizer is very important for the growth of edible fungi. Organic fertilizers, such as compost and manure, should be fully mature or boiled and sterilized, and the nutrient solution should not be prepared after filtration and must not contain germs and eggs. Supplement the application of soybean milk, potato juice and other plant extracts, to choose unspoiled raw materials, and now match the current use, not for a long time, so as to avoid rancidity. For biogas slurry, the biogas digester which is normally fermented for more than half a year should be selected and the supernatant should be filtered with more than five layers of gauze before it can be used.

5 pay attention to the flexible operation of temperature

Temperature is one of the key factors affecting the growth of edible fungi. When the temperature is higher than 20 ℃, the medium and low temperature mushroom fungus is difficult to form fruiting body, and the demand for nutrition is small, so we should stop replenishing the nutrient solution. For high-temperature edible fungi, the fruiting body can still be formed normally in the second stage, and the fruiting body grows fast and consumes more nutrition and water, so water and nutrition should be replenished in time. Nutrient solutions such as glucose, soybean milk and human urine are easy to deteriorate when the temperature is higher than 18 ℃, so they can not be used at high temperature, and should be replaced by other organic matter or nutrient solution.

(6) differential treatment of diseases in different regions

Nutrients can not only promote the growth of edible fungi mycelium, but also promote the rapid growth of other miscellaneous bacteria and aggravate infection. Therefore, a large area of bacterial clots and bacterial beds that have been infected with miscellaneous bacteria must be treated or isolated with drugs before nutrition can be replenished, while those with local infection in a small area can be removed in time and sprinkled with quicklime powder, and then replenished; for bacterial bags, if the pollution is serious, they should be removed in time, incinerated or buried in time. If the pollution is light, you can dig up the contaminated area directly, and then replenish the bacteria bag.