Study on cultivation of Edible Fungi with waste residue of turmeric

Turmeric is the main raw material for industrial extraction of diosgenin. Turmeric waste residue is the waste of turmeric processing enterprises after diosgenin extraction. Most of these wastes are discharged into nature without treatment by processing enterprises, resulting in environmental pollution. In order to make effective use of the rich resource of turmeric residue and turn waste into treasure, we choose edible fungus as the carrier, through the way of developing edible mushroom industry, a large number of turmeric residue can be effectively transformed and utilized, environmental pollution can be reduced, circular economy can be developed, and harmonious development of economy and environment will be promoted.

1 nutritional analysis of turmeric waste residue

According to the nutritional requirements of the cultivation substrate during the growth and development of edible fungi, it is necessary to detect and analyze the nutritional components in the waste residue of turmeric and compare it with the commonly used cultivation raw materials sawdust to find out the difference in nutritional composition between the waste residue of turmeric and sawdust in order to lay a foundation for the ratio of culture medium. According to GB/TS009.5-2003 standard, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, soluble carbohydrate and ash in turmeric waste residue were detected. The nutritional components of turmeric waste residue and miscellaneous sawdust were compared as follows:

Through detection, analysis and comparison, it is found that turmeric waste residue has the following physical and chemical properties:

The protein content of ① is higher, the content of crude protein and crude fat is 4.6% and 3.11%, which is 3 times that of miscellaneous sawdust, and the content of crude fiber and soluble carbohydrate is 17.2% and 24.7% lower than that of miscellaneous sawdust.

② has poor hydrophilicity and strong water absorption.

The specific gravity of ③ is light, and the general dry material is 60% lighter than miscellaneous sawdust.

The ④ fiber is small and its air permeability is poor after bagging.

⑤ is easy to contract when heated.

As a result, it can be seen that the turmeric waste residue is rich in nitrogen sources and insufficient supply of carbon sources and other inorganic salts. If the raw materials with high carbon content are added to the waste residue of turmeric to meet the needs of the ratio of carbon to nitrogen and other nutritional elements in the process of the growth and development of edible fungi, the waste residue of turmeric can be reused.

2 selection of cultivated varieties

According to the analysis of the nutritional composition of turmeric waste residue, the varieties of edible fungi with both wood rot and grass rot were selected, and the varieties with higher requirements for nitrogen sources were selected by combining conventional varieties with rare varieties, so as to screen out the suitable medium formula for different varieties of edible fungi and lay a foundation for popularization and application.

3Formula design of culture medium

3.1 formulation design of culture medium

Because the content of crude protein and crude fat in turmeric waste residue is higher, while the content of soluble carbohydrate and crude fiber is lower, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of balanced medium is mainly considered in the formula design. Combined with the demand for nutrients during the growth and development of various varieties of edible fungi, the following three formulations were formed after screening and calculation, and compared with the traditional culture medium formula (formula 4).

3.2 Experimental treatment design

There were 4 medium formulations, 3 varieties of edible fungi and 12 treatments. Each processing 500 bags, a total of 6000 finished product test bags.

4 cultivation experiment

In the cultivation experiment, the production of bacteria bag, sterilization, inoculation, sterilization, mushroom management and other links were carried out according to the conventional cultivation of edible fungi.

41 comparison of mycelial growth

The mycelium growth rate and growth potential of the four formulations were quite different in each variety, especially the formula 2 performed best in each variety, as shown in Table 4:

4.2 yield comparison

The yield performance of mushroom stage: different medium formula had little effect on the yield of Pleurotus ostreatus, but had a great effect on the yield of Pleurotus eryngii and Pleurotus eryngii. Compared with the yield of Pleurotus eryngii, formula 2 performed best, which was 25.6% higher than that of formula 1 and 36.7% higher than that of formula 4. This shows that pure turmeric waste residue and pure sawdust as a single cultivation medium is not conducive to increase the yield of rare edible fungi Pleurotus eryngii.

5 Experimental conclusion

The results showed that 50% turmeric waste residue, 38.5% miscellaneous sawdust, 10% wheat bran, 1% gypsum powder, 0.5% quicklime and 0.65 g per kilogram of mushroom 0.15ml and ketojing were selected as dry materials, and the medium matrix was suitable for the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatus, especially the rare edible fungus Pleurotus eryngii, which requires high nitrogen source. The cultivation of rare edible fungus Pleurotus eryngii with turmeric waste residue can not only reduce the amount of wheat bran and miscellaneous sawdust, save production costs, but also increase the yield by 36.7% compared with the traditional formula (78% sawdust + 20% wheat bran). At the same time, it also solves the problem of turmeric waste residue treatment in turmeric processing enterprises, so as to reuse the waste and promote the development of circular economy.