Consumer Foundation sampling test: "half of the bean pesticides exceed the standard, sweet beans are completely unqualified, and the maximum residue of 14 pesticides per piece is 14. Experts provide ways to improve."

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From September to October last year, the Consumer Foundation purchased a total of 39 samples of five kinds of legume crops in Shuangbei, Taichung, Tainan, and Kaohsiung stores, supermarkets, grocery stores, and traditional markets, and tested 381 pesticide residues. It was found that pesticide residues were found in each sample, except that the pesticide residues of ugly beans were within the allowable standard, and the other four kinds of beans had pesticide residues exceeding the standard.

Among them, the most serious pesticide residue is sweet bean, with an unqualified rate of 100%, among which one sample has as many as 14 kinds of pesticide residues, followed by pea with an unqualified rate of 87.5%, followed by min bean with an unqualified rate of 35.7%, and finally cowpea with a failure rate of 12.5%.

In view of the fact that beans are often found to have excessive pesticides, Hong Qiaozhen, an associate researcher in the Biopharmaceuticals Section of the Agricultural Drug Toxicology Laboratory, said that legumes are continuously harvested crops. the same plant has leaves, flowers, and fruits at the same time. "every time farmers see a disease or insect pest, they will buy medicine." cocktail-style pesticide application results in pesticide residues of different items and concentrations. Hong Qiaozhen explained that most medications are widely effective and can control more than one kind of diseases and insect pests. Only by understanding the characteristics of the medicament can the medicine be reduced.

Test for unqualified sweet beans, peas, ugly beans, min beans, cowpeas (photo _ Lin Yijun)

More than half of the bean pesticides exceed the standard, and there are 14 pesticides in sweet beans, and pesticide cocktails are harmful to human health.

Wu Rongda, secretary-general of the Consumer Foundation, said that the sampling range covers the north, central and south of the country, and the situation of legume residues in the southern channel is particularly serious. Among the 39 samples, most of the substandard pesticide items were fungicides, including Pukeli (11 samples), Pokra (8 samples), Dakli (5 samples), Fenke seat (5 samples) and Huoside (3 samples), etc.

Among the 20 unqualified samples, 7 to 14 pesticides were found in sweet bean samples, 2 to 6 pesticides were detected in excess, 6 to 13 pesticides were found in pea, 1 to 4 pesticides were detected in excess, 3 to 7 pesticides were found in min bean, 1 to 2 pesticides were detected in excess, 1 cowpea was unqualified, 11 pesticides were detected, and 1 pesticide was excessive.

Ling Yongjian, a professor of chemistry at Tsinghua University, was surprised to say that in the past, there were at most eight pesticide residues in a single kind of sample, and 14 were recorded this time. It is speculated that legumes are continuous harvesting crops, and the overlapping time between planting period and harvest time is two to three months, and farmers spray a variety of pesticides to cause residues in order to control diseases and insect pests.

"whether they exceed the standard or not, all have pesticides, and there is more than one." Ling Yongjian said that although the sampling results, such as ugly beans, did not exceed the standard, there were still pesticides, and not all kinds of pesticide residues detected in the other four over-standard beans exceeded the standard. however, if consumers eat "pesticide cocktails" of agricultural products, they may cause a burden on organs, and long-term intake will affect their health.

Professor Ling Yongjian, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University (Photography _ Lin Yijun)

Consumer Foundation: there is a gap between official and private sampling inspection, and the central government should check the channel closest to consumers.

Wu Rongda, secretary general of the Consumer Foundation, said that compared with the results of legumes sampled by the Council of Agriculture from January 107 to October 108, the average unqualified rate of the Council of Agriculture was 14.2%. Compared with the Consumer Foundation in traditional markets, more than 50% of the samples were unqualified, and there was a gap between the two results.

Wu Jung-da believes that official samples are all in the field, and items with problems or rush collection will not be sent to the official inspection system, but the Consumer Foundation is sampled in the markets and channels closest to consumers, which is closer to the results of consumers' purchases. the central government should pay attention to the problem of excessive pesticide residues in agricultural products at the end of the channel.

Wu Rongda, Secretary-General of the Consumer Culture and Education Foundation (Photography _ Lin Yijun)

Reasons for excessive legume pesticides: continuous harvesting and continuous variety of control agents

It is not uncommon to sample beans and vegetables every year, and it is not uncommon for pesticide residues to exceed the standards. what are the reasons for this phenomenon? Hong Qiaozhen, who has studied plant protection for many years, said that this is related to the way legume crops are grown and farmers' drug habits.

"Bean vegetables can be used as green manure and earn pocket money." Hong Qiaozhen explains that legumes, such as peas, are mostly planted after the second-stage rice harvest, which not only fertilizes the land, but also subsidizes the income for farmers between the second-stage rice cropping and the first-stage rice cropping, while legumes generally blossom and bear fruit continuously, so as to harvest crops continuously.

"buy medicine every time you see a disease or pest." Hong said that farmers do not specialize in planting legume crops, so they mostly consult pesticide banks on pest control methods, usually dispensing medicine every time they see a disease, because beans are continuously harvested crops. therefore, there will be different growth stages of leaves, flowers, fruits on the same plant, cocktail pesticide application, resulting in a variety of items and concentrations of pesticide residues.

"We should solve the problem from the root of the problem." Hong Qiaozhen believes that the key to pesticide residues lies in field production, farming methods and drug use habits must be changed. For example, she said: farmers buy medicine every time they see a disease or pest. In fact, most medications are widely effective and can control more than one kind of pest. If you understand the characteristics of the drug, you can reduce the drug.

Peas are planted directly on the soil (photo source _ drug center)

Prevention is better than cure, prevention and control should be done before sowing, blooming and bearing pods.

"Control must be done before flowering." Hong Qiaozhen explains that it is actually too late to control diseases and insect pests until they blossom and bear pods. For continuous harvesting crops, the most important thing is to clear the garden before sowing and the prevention and control before the first flowering. For example, she can use pheromone to catch nocturnal moth pests before sowing, reduce the pest population before sowing, and if you want to use medicine, you must use organic friendly materials before flowering and after the first flowering.

"when the pod borer gets into the pod, it's useless to control it." Hong Qiaozhen takes Mindou as an example. Suri in organic friendly materials can deal with pod borer, but once the pod borer gets into the pod, any surface medication is ineffective, so the timing of pastoral arrangement before planting and control after sowing is very important.

Pea: upright planting, first use pheromone to catch night moth

"there used to be pesticide residues in peas, but the key is that the farmers who grow peas are not specialized in growing peas." Hong Qiaozhen, who has studied pea cultivation for many years, explains that because of non-professional cultivation, farmers use rice chemicals and materials on peas in order to facilitate management, which will cause serious pesticide residues. She gave the following suggestions for pea cultivation.

If we want to reduce the prevention and control of pesticides in peas, we must first improve the way of cultivation. In the past, the management was more extensive, allowing peas to grow in the field, but now more farmers change to vertical planting, reducing contact with the soil. Standing up is also healthier for plants, with less ventilation between plants and less contact with soil, which can naturally reduce the probability of occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

Then there is the use of materials, because peas blossom continuously, once the medicine is easy to pollute the fruiting pods, it is difficult to control diseases and insect pests, so it is necessary to start with prevention. Peas are planted mostly after the second rice harvest, and this time is the good period for Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua. It is suggested that farmers should not rush to plant, they can first hang pheromones to catch larvae, clean them up and then plant them.

Vertical cultivation (Photo Source _ Drug Institute)

After planting, use friendly materials to control the lower leaves and do not pollute the fruits harvested above.

After planting peas, we will mainly encounter the problems of thrips and powdery mildew. In the face of thrips, we can use warning pheromones. In the past, there were two groups of controls, spraying pesticides once every four days and spraying pesticides once every eight days with warning pheromones. Compared with the two groups, it was found that the control effect of pheromones combined with pheromones was better, indicating that the use of warning pheromones could reduce drug use.

Powdery mildew can be prevented by using subtilis or mineral oil. Powdery mildew mostly occurs in the lower leaves of pea plants, with upright planting methods, and only the diluted subtilis or mineral oil is applied to the lower leaves. In this way, it will not contaminate the upper harvest area. If you encounter other diseases and insect pests, you can also use friendly materials, such as liquefied starch against brown spot, or thurium for pest control.

Hoisting warning pheromone to control thrips (Photo Source _ Drug Institute)

Photo courtesy of Hong Qiaozhen

Drug Institute: strive to reduce the cost of friendly materials and slowly increase the acceptance of farmers.

"I met a farmer who bought all the materials in the plant protection manual." Hong Qiaozhen smiled. She believes that the change in farmers' ideas must rely on continuous propaganda and waiting. In recent years, when tutoring, she found that farmers' acceptance of organic-friendly materials has increased.

"We will try to make these materials cheaper and more farmers will be used." Hong Qiaozhen said that in the past, in order to promote, agricultural reform farms and drug centers would give away farmers' biological agents free of charge, but now farmers are willing to pay for biomaterials that are more friendly to the environment, and then will continue to keep the cost of materials affordable to all farmers.

In addition to her advice to farmers, Hong Qiaozhen believes: "the danger of spray poisoning is more frightening than buying vegetables and eating pesticides." She said that farmers have to bear a higher risk than end consumers, even if the pesticides in agricultural products are still in the ppm grade, but farmers in the field spray is very high concentration, the risk of poisoning is higher.

How to avoid pesticides for buying, cooking or eating vegetables? Hong Qiaozhen suggests that you should not be partial to eating, and diversified intake of all kinds of food can spread the risk. in addition, most pesticides are fat-soluble, and the effect of washing vegetables is limited, and the water at the bottom of the pot can be filtered out after stir-frying. You can only eat fried crops, which can reduce the probability of ingestion of pesticides.

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