Prevention and control measures for the reasons of apple size

The phenomenon of big and small years is a common phenomenon in apple production, which seriously affects the output of apples and the income of fruit farmers, and is a headache for fruit farmers. Then how to prevent and cure the phenomenon of apple size? Let's take a look at the detailed introduction of the project with the editor.

First, the reasons for the age.

1. Nutrition competition

Nutrition competition is the root cause of the "big and small year". In the big year, apples blossom and bear more fruits, so they naturally consume more nutrients, while the nutrients obtained by other organs, especially the terminal buds, will be greatly reduced, resulting in the inability to form flower buds in that year. so it's a small year after the big year. Because the small year blossoms and bears less, the tree body accumulates more nutrients, and the flower bud differentiates well, so the coming year is the big year, and so on.

2. The effect of plant endogenous hormones.

The lack of flower bud formation in the big year is also related to the inhibition of flower bud differentiation by gibberellin produced in fruit seeds, because the amount of fruit is large, so the number of seeds is also more, which produces more gibberellin and promotes the growth of new shoots. but it inhibits flower bud formation, so it is a small year after the big year.

3. Other reasons

In addition to the above two reasons, poor natural environment and unreasonable cultivation management will also cause the phenomenon of big and small years, such as too many cloudy and rainy days of flowering or flower bud differentiation, drought in fruit setting period or late frost will also cause a large number of falling flowers and fruits.

II. Prevention and control methods

1. Planned and orderly water and fertilizer management

The apple plant consumes a lot of nutrition in the big year, so it is necessary to replenish the tree nutrition in time to meet the needs of plant growth, flowering and fruiting every year. Double-ninth Day branches and leaves can be grown by applying more available nitrogen fertilizers such as urea before flowering and during the expansion period, so as to achieve better photosynthesis and ensure tree growth. After fruit harvest, basal fertilizer should be applied early to promote flower bud differentiation and improve flowering quality and fruit setting rate for one year. For young fruit trees, we should focus on fertilizer and water management, so as to avoid the phenomenon of falling flowers and fruits caused by lack of fertility. Nitrogen fertilizer can be applied once a week before sprouting and before and after flowering, and an appropriate amount of 1% Mel 3% superphosphate solution can be sprayed after flowering to promote fruit growth.

2. Reasonable pruning

Because many fruit growers have not received professional training, they always follow the principle of "less cutting, more retention and more fruit" when pruning, using the pruning method of light pruning every year, paying no attention to the cultivation of reserve branches and uncontrolled fruit-bearing branches. lead to the formation of a large number of flower buds, fruit is too small, poor quality, the number of flower buds formed in the coming year is small, becoming a small year. For this situation, in addition to strengthening their own professional knowledge, it is also necessary to prune the fruit trees of large and small years, so as to achieve the goal that the big year is not old and the small year is not small.

3. Thinning flowers and fruits

When the load of the tree is too large and the nutrient consumption is too heavy to meet the nutritional needs of flower bud differentiation, reasonable flower thinning and fruit thinning can not only balance the relationship between tree vegetative growth and reproductive growth, but also improve fruit quality and increase yield per mu.

The above is the introduction of prevention and control measures for Apple years. I hope it can help you. If you want to know more about it, please follow us.