Basic knowledge of Flower seed Propagation

If you want to get good flower seedlings in seed cultivation, the quality of seeds is the most important. After pollination by strong parents, most of the seeds are strong. Plant pollination is carried out by insects, wind and water power in nature. In order to cultivate excellent new varieties, artificial pollination can be adopted.

Good seeds can not be harvested until the seeds are fully mature. Seeds should be cleaned after harvest, first threshing and removing impurities, then air-dried, and then selected to select seeds that are neat, full, glossy, disease-free, insect-free and inherently characteristic. store it in a ventilated, dry, low temperature and small change place for sowing in the coming year.

Seed sowing 1. Conditions for seed germination

(1) Air: seeds need to absorb oxygen and discharge carbon dioxide when they germinate. Therefore, sowing first requires a well-ventilated environment.

(2) temperature: general seed germination requires a relatively stable temperature of about 15 mi 20 degrees, and a small number of seeds require high temperature to facilitate germination.

(3) moisture: water is an indispensable main factor for seed germination. But moisture must be appropriate, too much will rot due to poor ventilation, and too little will slow seed germination. It doesn't even sprout. After sowing, it is especially forbidden to lack water during seed germination (commonly known as "dried buds", which is the key to the success or failure of seed emergence.

(4) Light: generally speaking, seeds do not need strong light before germination, so after sowing, they can be placed in a place where there is no direct light, and then gradually move to a place where there is direct light after germination. However, there must be sufficient light for seed germination, such as paulownia, colored leaf grass, henna, primrose, lotus, begonia and so on.

two。 Sowing soil requires well drained, loose and fertile soil. In order to ensure that seeds thrive and emerge without being harmed by diseases and pests, it is best to disinfect the soil before sowing. The simple method is to disinfect the soil at high temperature with a steamer or microwave oven, which can kill most germs and eggs; but flowers with strong habits can not be disinfected, or clean sandy soil can be used.

Sowing method < 1 > Direct sowing: general seeds such as Begonia and impatiens can be sown without any treatment.

Soak seeds in warm water: seeds with hard shells, such as peony and peony, can be soaked in warm water of 60 degrees for 24 hours before sowing.

(3) seed dressing with plant ash: any seed with oil wax in its shell, such as Magnolia, can be mixed into the seed in a paste with plant ash and water, so that the alkali in the plant ash can help remove the oil wax.

File seed coat: such as lotus and canna seeds, file the seed coat on a file before sowing, and then soak it in warm water for 24 hours. The hard seed coat can absorb water and expand, promoting the seed to germinate quickly.

< 5) Frost cracking method: for example, the seeds of Prunus mandshurica are sown and watered before the field is closed in winter. after the soil is frozen in winter, the seed shell is cracked and can germinate in the following spring.

(6) Sand storage: if the seeds of sweet-scented osmanthus and roses are harvested and mixed with wet sand in flowerpots at the end of autumn, they can germinate quickly when they are taken out and sown after the beginning of spring in the following year.

Generally speaking, the seeds should be covered with soil after sowing, and the thickness of the covered soil should be no more than twice the size of the seeds. Small seeds, such as begonia and paulownia, can not be covered with soil.

Post-sowing management (1) before germination: put the sowing pot in a dark place, which can be covered with glass, plastic film or thick cardboard to facilitate heat preservation and moisturizing, but a small gap should be left to facilitate ventilation. When the basin soil is dry, the sowing basin can be put into a large water basin where the water surface is lower than the basin soil surface, and the immersion irrigation method can be used to replenish water. Do not use water spray, which will wash over the topsoil and seeds, which is very disadvantageous to germination.

< 2 > after germination: move the sowing pot to the place where there is direct sunlight. If sowing indoors in early spring, the seedlings often tilt to the south due to the effect of light, so the seedlings should be turned every few days to ensure the seedlings to grow upright; when the basin soil is dry, you can use a live head fine-eye spray can to water. General flower seedlings and other true leaves grow two or three pieces, that is, should be transplanted, so as not to be too dense and cause the seedlings to be weak.

Cross breeding planting flowers can produce new varieties through hybridization. It is possible to produce good varieties in natural hybrids, but poor varieties often appear. In order to obtain good varieties, artificial cross breeding can be carried out in a directional way. For example, two varieties of a flower, one flower is not ideal in color, the other is small and colorful, or whether one flower is fragrant or not, and the other is not ideal and fragrant. Through artificial hybridization, it is possible to cultivate new varieties with large flowers, colorful color and fragrance. In artificial hybridization, all hermaphroditic flowers, such as peony, peony, rose, etc., should first remove the male from the mother (when the flower is not yet dead, gently peel off and use a small photographer to pick off all stamens, and then cover it with a transparent paper bag to prevent self-pollination. When the flowers are in full bloom, the stigma secretes mucus, take the pollen of the selected male parent, apply it on the stigma with a brush, and then cover the paper bag to prevent butterflies from interfering. After the flowers of the female parent blossom, take off the paper bag, wait for the seeds to mature, and then choose when sowing and blooming, so as to retain the new varieties of flowers that you expect to cultivate.

Source: Elaine said