Control techniques of jumping insects in Edible Fungi

Jumping insects are also called tobacco ash insects, and the most common are purple jumping insects, black flat jumping insects, and so on. The edible fungi damaged by jumping insects are Pleurotus ostreatus, straw mushroom, chicken leg mushroom, shiitake mushroom, apricot abalone mushroom, big ball cover mushroom, fungus fungus, hericium, Agaricus blazei Murrill and so on.

1. Morphological characteristics

1. Adults. Shaped like a flea, it is difficult to see with the naked eye, with a body length of 1.0 mm-1.5 mm, grayish purple, short tentacles, soft body, fast crawling on the culture material or fruiting body, and a bouncing device at the tail, which can jump up to 20 cm-30 cm in height and leave by bouncing or pretending to die at the slightest stimulation. The body surface has a waxy layer and is not afraid of water.

two。 Larva. White, the body shape is similar to the adult, molting after dormancy, silver-gray, gray when living in groups, like cigarette ash, it is also known as ash.

3. Eggs. White spherical, translucent, often found in edible fungus culture materials or on the soil layer.

II. Living habits

1. Grow and reproduce. Short cycle, rapid growth and reproduction of jumping insects in warm (20 ℃-28 ℃) humid conditions (85% air relative humidity) is very active, the fastest reproduction rate, can produce 6-7 generations per year.

two。 I like humid environment. Jumping insects often gather in the culture material or on the surface of the cover to bite the seeded bacteria or germinated hyphae, causing damage to young mushrooms and causing them to wither and die. Can also drill into the mushroom stalk or mushroom cover to eat, 1-3 days to mature fruiting body gnawed riddled with holes, losing commercial value. According to the investigation, it is found that hundreds of jumping insects can be hidden in the small holes formed after harming the stalks of mushrooms with large balls.

3. A wide range of life, strong omnivorous. Jumping insects often occur in mushroom houses with poor ventilation, too humid environment and poor sanitary conditions. they are harmful not only to many kinds of edible fungi in mushroom houses, but also to soil, weeds, litter and livestock feces. They can float on the water and jump freely, especially when they turn sunny after continuous rain.

4. Carry and spread diseases and insect pests, resulting in cross-repeated infection. The body surface of adults and larvae of jumping insects carry a large number of bacteria and mites. With the activities such as jumping insects laying eggs and feeding, the diseases and insect pests of jumping insects quickly spread to wherever they went. If the conditions are suitable, there will be cross-repeated infection, which will cause great losses to the production of edible fungi.

III. Prevention and control measures

1. Clean and sanitary, eliminate the source of insects. ① thoroughly removes the garbage inside and outside the seed production and cultivation places, especially without stagnant water to prevent the breeding of jumping insects. ② likes to be warm and humid but can not bear high temperature. It is best to use fermentation material to make the temperature reach 65 ℃-70 ℃, which can kill adults and eggs. ③ mushroom house and covering soil should be fumigated and sterilized before use. Screen is installed on the doors and windows of ④ mushroom house.

two。 Entrapment. ① jumping insects have the habit of loving water, and the places where they occur can be trapped and eliminated with water. The specific method is: use a small basin to hold water, many divers jump in the water, and then change water the next day and continue to use water to trap and kill. Several times in a row, the population density will be greatly reduced. ② is mixed with 1000 times diluted trichlorfon and a small amount of honey into a trap, which is separately packed in a basin or plate and scattered on the mushroom bed. Jumping insects will jump into the basin when they smell sweetness. This method is safe and non-toxic, and can also kill other pests.

3. Drug prevention and treatment. The use of pesticides is not recommended for the prevention and control of edible fungus diseases and insect pests. Other methods should be adopted as far as possible, with little or no pesticides. Only when the pests are serious can we have no choice but to do so. The specific method is: when there are no mushrooms on the ① bed, 0.2% dimethoate can be sprayed. During the mushroom emergence period, ② can spray pyrethroid with 150x liquid-200x liquid. ③ spray Melia azedarach preparation: prepared according to the ratio of neem skin: water = 1 / 3 / 3 / 1 / 5, boil for 1.5 hours after mixing, dilute 1 / 2 when used, and mix with it. ④ is fumigated with 10 grams of aluminum phosphide per cubic meter.