Cultivation techniques of edible mushroom Dictyophora

I. Biological characteristics

1. Form. Dictyophora, also known as bamboo ginseng, bamboo Sheng, fairy Sheng, bamboo girl and bamboo egg, belongs to basidiomycetes, ghost pen order, ghost pen family, bamboo shoot genus. Dictyophora consists of two parts: mycelium and fruiting body. the mycelium is white and fluffy at first, then thickens into linear shape gradually, and finally expands into bacteriocin. The color of young mycelium is white, and it can become pink, lavender or yellowish white for a long culture period. The fruiting body consists of four parts: soup cover, fungus skirt, fungal stalk and fungal receptacle.

2. The living habits of Dictyophora. Dictyophora grows solitary or in groups in bamboo forests, mixed forests of bamboo and broad-leaved trees, and courtyard forest edges in summer and autumn. 3. The living conditions of Dictyophora. Dictyophora is a saprophytic fungus whose hyphae can absorb nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen and inorganic salts from rotten bamboo, rotten wood, bamboo root, bamboo whip and humus soil. Various by-products of bamboo, sawdust, wheat straw and sugarcane can be used as carbon sources and wheat bran, rice bran and bean cake powder as nitrogen sources in artificial cultivation. Dictyophora is mesophilic. The mycelium could grow at 10-29 ℃. The fruiting body occurs at 16-29 ℃, the most suitable for 22-25 ℃, the suitable relative humidity for mycelium is 70-75%, and the suitable air relative humidity for fruiting body growth is 90-95%. The hyphae can grow in no light or low light. Like the acidic environment, require good ventilation.

Second, cultivation methods

1. Preparation of bacteria.

Formulation and preparation of ⑴ mother culture medium.

The formula of ① medium: protein 1%, glucose 1%, Agar 2%, water 100ml. The pH value is 5-6. ② potato 25%, glucose 2%, Agar 2%, water 100ml. The pH value is 5-6. The production of ⑵ medium: according to the routine preparation, tube installation, sterilization, and bevel.

Preparation of original species and cultivated species of ⑵. First, crushed bamboo (1-2 cm) 65%, sawdust 15%, wheat bran 20%, add water to the culture material water content is 65%. Second, miscellaneous shavings 75%, wheat bran 20%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, soybean cake powder 3%, add water to adjust the water content of culture material to 60-65%.

According to the conventional seed production methods, ingredients, bottling, sterilization, inoculation and culture. At the temperature of 18-23 ℃, the original species grew full in about 60 days, and the cultivated species grew well in 40-50 days.

2. Cultivation methods. Dictyophora can be cultivated when the temperature is above 7 ℃, and it is suitable to be cultivated from October to December.

⑴ indoor box planting: use waste wooden boxes as cultivation containers. Spread humus soil 5-10 cm thick at the bottom of the box, cover it with bamboo, wood or other substitutes, and insert Dictyophora cultivation species on the material. Use 3 bottles of bacteria per square meter, finally cover the fertile soil with 5-8 cm, pour water through, and culture the bacteria at room temperature. Sprinkle water frequently and keep it moist. Under the suitable conditions of temperature and humidity, the mycelium can grow full of culture material in 4-5 months. When the temperature reaches 20-24 ℃, buds form in the topsoil. At this time, the relative humidity of indoor air should be kept above 85%. When the fungus ball is drilled out of the topsoil, the air relative humidity should be increased to more than 95%.

⑵ outdoor bed cultivation: choose a cool leeward site and dig a bed with a depth of 10-15cm, a width of 100cm and an unlimited length. Leave 10 cm loose soil at the bottom of the border, first spread a layer of bamboo or piece of wood (dry bamboo needs to be washed and soaked for 8-12 hours, dry the surface moisture), sow 1 layer of bacteria on the piece of bamboo or section of wood, sprinkle 1 layer of dried bamboo leaves, and cover the top with 10 cm of fertilizer soil. If the shading condition is poor, a shade shed should be built on the bed. Sprinkle water regularly to keep the topsoil moist. It takes 10-12 months from inoculation to harvest.

In addition, there are strain block cultivation method, plastic bag direct cultivation method and so on.

3. Management of Dictyophora

⑴ water management is the key to the success or failure of cultivation. During the mycelium growth stage, the soil moisture should be maintained at 65-70%, which is disadvantageous if the humidity is too high or too small. If the soil is too dry, spray fine water, but do not make the soil accumulate water.

Management of each growth stage of ⑵. In the bud growth stage, the temperature is best controlled at 20-23 ℃, and the air relative humidity is 70-75%; in the fruiting body growth stage, the air relative humidity is increased to 90-95%, and water can be sprayed 3-4 times a day; windows are opened for ventilation 1-2 times a day, 30 minutes each time. Management of outdoor bed cultivation in ⑶. Strictly prevent human and animal trampling. In the process of bacteria, usually do not dig open inspection, so as not to break the hyphae. ⑷ mends the soil in time. If the buried section of wood is exposed to the soil surface, it should be covered with soil in time. .