Key points of monthly cultivation and management of orchids

January

(1) take anti-freezing as the first priority. There are two seasons this month, Lesser Cold (5th or 6th) and Greater Cold (20-22). The monthly average temperature in China is below zero except in the tropics and subtropics. As the cold air in the north continues to flow south, this month is the coldest period of the year, and the extreme lowest temperature in the tropics of our country has been recorded at one degree below zero. Orchid management should put anti-freezing in the first place in the event of a cold spell, the window should be closed sooner or later to ensure that the orchid basin can not be frozen. If the temperature in the orchid room is below zero, it can be heated, but it should be noted that the heating temperature is not too high, about 5 degrees at night and about 10 degrees during the day; at the same time, pay attention to heating not using coal stoves to prevent gas from injuring seedlings.

(2) Let the orchids fully accept the light and pay attention to ventilation. The sun is soft in that month, so you can rest assured that the orchid can fully receive the light. In sunny weather, if the temperature in the orchid room is about 10 degrees, you can open the window for ventilation during the day, and you still need to close the doors and windows in time at night.

(3) the temperature is low in that month, so watering should be carried out on a sunny morning. Watering should not be poured into the bud to prevent the bud from rotting.

February

(1) pay attention to the weather and guard against frost injury. There are two seasons this month: the Beginning of Spring (4th or 5th) and Rain Water (19th or 20th). Although the temperature this month is 1-2 °higher than that of last month, the monthly average temperature in China is below zero except in the tropics and subtropics, and there is still a cold spell, and the weather is still very cold. The maintenance of orchids is still based on anti-freezing.

(2) get rid of the weak and stay strong, and sparse the bud properly. After a winter dormancy, the bud begins to grow faster. According to the strength of the potted orchid and in line with the principle of removing the weak and staying strong, the magnolia should sparse the buds in time for the new buds after the Beginning of Winter and the buds from the dragon grass. Generally, the potted strong grass Chunlan leaves 2-3 buds, and the cymbidium leaves one bud. In this way, nutrients can be concentrated, which is beneficial to Lanhui's opening products.

(3) spraying foliar fertilizer properly. When the land returns to spring, the orchid bud begins to sprout, and extremely thin fertilizer can be applied, but it is forbidden to apply organic fertilizer or inorganic fertilizer to the root, and inorganic fertilizer or biological bacterial fertilizer is still applied mainly to leaves, in order to promote the vitality of new buds and ensure the nutritional demand for the growth of new buds.

(4) clean orchid room, insecticidal and sterilization. The tip of the remnant branches, fallen leaves and scorched tail leaves should be cut off in time, and the equipment for raising orchid and orchid garden should be thoroughly disinfected. Three points should be paid attention to when spraying medicine: first, the liquid should not be too strong, so as not to hurt the blue bud; second, the medicine should be sprayed in the morning on a sunny day; third, the dosage should not be sprayed too much, so as not to pour into the leaves with a rotten heart.

March

The main results are as follows: (1) full light should be given before the scape blossoms, and shade should be given to the flowers. This month, there are two seasons of stinging (5th or 6th) and the Spring Equinox (20th or 21st). Except for Heilongjiang Province and Xizang, the average temperature is above zero and the sun is soft. Before flowering, orchid should be placed in the sunny place to receive sufficient light, and should be properly shaded after the stamens begin to rise, otherwise the petals are easy to turn yellow and the petals and tongue coating turn white or yellowish, damaging the flower appearance and affecting the flower products.

(2) appropriate dryness and humidity, careful watering, dry soil in flowerpots and high air humidity. The spring orchid is in full bloom this month, and the air humidity should be higher. The air humidity has a great influence on the stem length of Cymbidium, especially the Lotus Cymbidium. Although the air humidity during the flowering period of orchids should be high, the humidity of potted soil should not be too high and should be slightly dry. Where the positive petal flowers, the pot soil should be properly controlled before the bud is lifted, and the pot soil should be watered less to make the pot soil slightly dry. But for the odd flower orchid, the potted soil should not be too dry, on the contrary, it should be more wet, so that the elegant demeanor of the strange flower can be fully demonstrated.

(3) cut flowers properly to avoid excessive nutrient consumption. Orchid blooming consumes the most nutrients, such as allowing its flowers to bloom and fall, which is harmful to the growth of orchids in the future and needs to be cut at the right time. After the spring orchid is in full bloom, it should be cut off after half a month, and a multi-flowered stem should be cut off five or six days after the top flower is full. If the number of rare species or seedlings in the pot is small, the flowers should be cut off immediately after two or three days of blooming.

April

(1) Open the window for ventilation and leave the room cautiously. This month, there are Qingming Festival (5th or 6th) and Grain Rain (20th or 21st). The weather is warm and the frost and snow basically stops. Except for extreme cold weather, all potted flowers can be maintained outside the room. Using closed orchid rooms to raise orchids should properly open windows to facilitate ventilation.

(2) sterilization and pest control, flowering orchids need shade. Orchids can receive full light this month, usually without shade. Cymbidium begins to bloom this month, and it is appropriate to shade the flowers when they are in bloom, otherwise the flowers and colors will be poor and will affect the opening products. As the temperature is getting higher and higher, diseases and insect pests begin to breed, so it is necessary to use germicidal insecticides to kill orchids and orchid plants in time.

(3) turn the pot and ramet to promote growth. Spring is one of the best seasons for turning pots and branches of orchids. Potted orchids, such as orchid seedlings full of pots or potted soil that have not been changed for more than two years, should be turned over or ramets in time in spring.

(4) apply fertilizer with water to promote sprouting. For potted orchids without buds, thin fertilizer can be applied once before and after the Qingming Festival of the Spring Equinox; for flowering potted orchids, it is necessary to apply fertilizer after a recuperation period of about ten days after flowering. Whether it is fertilizing the unflowered potted orchid or the flowering potted orchid, it is appropriate to choose sunny weather. Water should be properly deducted before fertilization, and the fertilization effect is the best when the potted soil is dry. On the one hand, the orchid root and potted soil absorb enough fertilizer. On the other hand, it also stimulates the orchid plant to sprout and has a good effect.

May

(1) thinning the net to block the light. This month there are the Beginning of Summer (5 or 6), Lesser Fullness of Grain (21 or 22) two seasons, the temperature is getting higher, the sun is getting stronger, outdoor orchids can be properly shaded by sparse nets.

(2) fertilizing strong sprouts. Most of the seed buds of orchids have broken the soil this month. in order to make the new buds thrive, it is necessary to fertilize the orchids. It is better to apply thin organic fertilizer to the roots, which should be carried out in the evening and be watered the next morning. Foliar fertilization can also be applied, with 1/1000 urea plus 1/1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate spray, in order to prevent fertilizer damage the next morning should spray water to wash leaves. It can also be sprayed with biological fertilizer, such as promoting root growth, planting whole, blue fungus king, Xishuo and so on. Orchid cultivation with granular plant material is best carried out alternately with organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer, once a week.

(3) be careful to drench in water to prevent rotten buds. When the orchid sprouts break the soil and open their mouths and spread their leaves, the orchid buds should be covered and drenched with water to prevent the disease caused by stagnant water in the heart of the buds; if the orchid buds enter the water inadvertently, use toothpicks wrapped in toilet paper to absorb the water so as to prevent the disease.

(4) pay attention to the prevention of diseases and insect pests. This month, due to dampness and rising temperature, resulting in the breeding of insects and fungi, insecticidal and sterilization work is very important. Fungicides are sprayed every ten days, and methyl topiramate, carbendazim and carbendazim are used alternately to improve the efficacy. Spraying insecticide once a month, mainly omethoate and dicofol, has the best effect on killing shell insects and red spiders.

June

(1) there are two seasons in this month, Grain in Beard (6th or 7th) and the Summer Solstice (21st or 22nd). In the year, the daytime is the longest, the temperature is high, the light is strong, and the weather is muggy. Shade and ventilation should be done to protect the orchid leaves from the sun.

(2) the south of the Yangtze River is during the Meiyu period this month, with heavy rainfall and increasing rainfall in other places. Places where air pollution is not serious can be drenched in light rain or moderate rain, but heavy rain and rainstorm had better not be caught in the rain, so as not to cause stagnant water to rot roots and buds. During the plum rain, the air humidity is high, watering should be less.

(3) this month is the period of orchid germination and leaf expansion, which requires a relatively high humid environment, such as over-dry soil and excessive air humidity are easy to cause rigid buds and orchid root growth point atrophy, which is not conducive to the growth of orchids. The management of orchid bud stage should highlight a moistening word and strive to create a relatively humid environment for orchid cultivation and potted soil. After mildew and rain, the dry climate can be watered by watering the orchid garden, watering the leaves, humidifying the water plate, humidifying the humidifier and other ways to create an air relative humidity of not less than 40% during the day. Under the premise of ensuring that the potted soil is breathable and leached, watering can be properly and frequently, so as to keep the orchid soil relatively moist, so as to ensure that the orchids sprout, unearth, spread leaves and thrive.

July

(1) give prominence to heat prevention, shade and cooling. There are two seasons this month, Lesser Heat (7th or 8th) and Greater Heat (23rd or 24th). The average monthly temperature is about 30 °, which is the highest month of the year. As the weather is very hot, it is necessary to strengthen the work of shading, ventilation and cooling, and the muggy weather can be blown by a breeze such as ventilator and miniature electric fan to promote ventilation. At the same time, water is often sprinkled on the ground to cool down to prevent hot heat from hurting orchids.

(2) carefully watering to prevent rotten buds. The temperature is high this month, watering generally do not use the soaking basin method and the watering method to spray as little as possible, so as not to pour water into the heart of the leaves and cause rot. In the high temperature season, the basin soil should not be too wet for a long time to prevent root rot, stem rot, soft rot and sprout water management.

(3) slow fertilization. With the high temperature this month, the orchid enters the dormant period, it is forbidden to apply organic or inorganic fertilizer to the root, and it is better to spray foliar fertilizer for fertilization. 1/1000 urea plus 1/1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate or biological bacterial fertilizer can be used alternately to supplement nutrients and promote exuberant growth. lay the foundation for germination and flowering in the coming year. Generally speaking, spray in the evening and wash the leaves the next morning to prevent the accumulation of fertilizer in the leaves caused by the high temperature sun.

(4) timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. All kinds of diseases and insect pests are most likely to occur this month, so the work of disinfestation and sterilization should not be relaxed. Insecticides for pest control should be sprayed alternately to prevent orchid plants from producing resistance effects. Should choose cool evening application, the liquid should not be too strong to prevent drug damage.

(5) strengthen the orchid room to prevent rainstorms and typhoons. Torrential rains, typhoons and other extreme weather occur frequently in various places this month, so it is necessary to do a good job in preventive work and take measures to strengthen and cover the rain to prevent strong winds and torrential rains from overturning bowls and blowing down orchid leaves.

August

(1) prevent heat and cool down. There are two seasons this month, the Beginning of Autumn (7th or 8th) and the End of Heat (23rd or 24th). The monthly average temperature is similar to that of last month, and the extremely hot weather is the second high temperature month of the year. Attention should be paid to heat prevention and cooling to ensure ventilation.

(2) watering in time to avoid dryness of diamond shell. In the golden autumn, the sky is high and cloudy, the sun is bright, and the water evaporation is large. The basin soil is easy to dry from the bottom of the basin, forming rhombus dryness, affecting the development of flower buds and endangering the root of orchid. A variety of measures such as sink humidification, ground water spraying, humidifier humidification and other measures can be taken to create an air relative humidity of not less than 40%. In order to avoid rhombic shell dryness, Yilan people should be diligent in observing the dry and wet condition of the basin soil, and find that the basin soil is too dry and should be watered at the right time to keep the soil moist and not stained.

(3) proceed from the reality and let the orchids receive more light. After the middle of this month, according to the environment of orchid cultivation, the degree of shade should be reduced as much as possible. except for proper shade in courtyard and roof platform, other orchid cultivation places can boldly let orchids receive sufficient light, especially for full pots of strong grass. In the evening, the orchid room sliding window should be opened as far as possible, so that it can be fully ventilated to maximize the temperature difference between day and night.

(4) Fertilizer can promote growth and bud. From the middle and last ten days of this month, organic fertilizer or foliar fertilizer should be applied to the roots of the strong seedlings of the national orchid, and the two can be carried out alternately. Fertilization should appropriately increase the composition of phosphorus and potassium to facilitate the production of flower buds and ensure the growth of autumn buds and the breeding of strong early spring buds. Fertilization should be carried out in the evening on a thin and sunny day, and the soul water should be watered the next morning to prevent fertilizer damage.

(5) prevent extreme weather. There are typhoons along the coast of the south of the Yangtze River this month, and there are also many stormy weather in other areas. It is necessary to strengthen the orchid room and do a good job in preventing typhoons and storms.

(6) do not relax the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. Diseases and insect pests are very rampant this month, and it is necessary to do a good job in pest control and disease prevention in months with a high incidence of soft rot, stem rot and other insect pests. Sterilization and disinfestation should be carried out on a sunny evening when the sun is about to set, that is, to spray orchid leaves but also to spray wine throughout the orchid garden.

September

(1) remove shade and fully illuminate. This month, there are two seasons of White Dew (8th or 9th) and the Autumn Equinox (23rd or 24th). The monthly average temperature is about 25 °, the heat is gradually fading, and the sun is getting softer and softer. You can bask in the orchid as much as possible according to the situation of the orchid room. in order to enhance the ability to resist diseases and insect pests and survive the winter cold, you can basically end the shading work in the last ten days.

(2) moisturizing and avoiding dryness. If the climate is dry in autumn, you should follow the old motto of not drying in autumn, and pay attention to increase the air humidity to avoid the occurrence of diamond shell dryness. A variety of measures such as sink humidification, ground water spraying, humidifier humidification and other measures can be taken to create an air relative humidity of not less than 40%. Diligently observe the dry and wet condition of the basin soil, found that the basin soil is too dry, should be timely watered, in order to keep the soil moist and not stained, it is better to avoid the basin soil too dry.

(3) insecticidal and sterilization. This month, shell insects, red spiders, aphids, slugs and snails are very rampant, and soft rot and black spot disease often occur. It is necessary to kill insects and sterilize in time and change drug varieties regularly, and orchid fields can be thoroughly disinfected once or twice. It is better to use the medicine in the evening, which is beneficial to enhance the effect of insecticidal and sterilization.

(4) changing pot ramet. After the the Autumn Equinox season, the autumn is high and crisp, which is a good time to turn the basin and reproduce the ramet. All orchids that need to turn the pot or ramet can work in time according to the essentials of turning the pot and ramet.

(5) to identify the orchid. This month, the flower bud begins to penetrate the soil, so we should pay attention to observe and identify the color, veins, and shape of various flower buds, so as to enhance the ability to identify different varieties. For example, in order to proliferate, in order to send more new buds next year, the bud can be removed.

(6) fertilization due to seedlings. This month is the last period of orchid fertilization. proper fertilization should be applied to the initiation of big grass and strong grass to provide a guarantee for sprouting and growing grass next year, but generally do not apply fertilizer to sick and weak seedlings. Fertilization can be alternately used by root fertilization and foliar fertilization for organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer.

October

(1) bathe the orchid in the sun. This month, there are two seasons, Cold Dew (8th or 9th) and Frosts Descent (23rd or 24th). The work of soft shading in autumn comes to an end. Bluegrass can accept the sun all day to promote the growth of bluegrass and full buds. Enhancing the ability to resist disease and keep out the cold is beneficial to the orchid plant through the winter.

(2) increase the humidity in the orchid room. The precipitation this month is small, the air humidity is low, and the plant in the basin is easy to dry, so we should pay attention to increase the air humidity of the orchid room to prevent the orchid leaf from withering and scorching. In case of autumn rain, it can be drenched, but the continuous rain must also be sheltered, do not let the orchid plant in the rain for a long time, in order to prevent waterlogging rotting roots, otherwise it is easy to produce black spot.

(3) increase the application of scale potash fertilizer. The appropriate temperature in October is another golden season for the growth of orchid grass. It is necessary to apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in time to meet the various nutrients needed for the growth of orchids. In order to grow into strong grass before hibernation to lay a solid foundation for early sprouting and sprouting in the coming year, in order to survive the winter and enhance the ability to keep out the cold, but in principle, it is necessary to end a year's fertilization work by the end of the month.

(4) prevent frost. There may be early frost in the south of the Yangtze River later this month, and the temperature in the temperate and high cold regions of the north will sometimes be below zero to watch the weather forecast and do a good job of frost prevention.

(5) turn over the ramet at the right time. Most of the orchid plants are mature this month, and it is the best time to exchange and introduce varieties and turn pots, split plants, and change materials in a year, and the work that really needs to be done had better be completed before the end of this month. if the new grass is not fully grown, it is best to postpone turning the pot and split the plant so that the new grass can continue to grow until next spring.

November

(1) do a good job of anti-freezing. This month, there are two seasons, the Beginning of Winter (7th or 8th) and Lesser Snow (22nd or 23rd), to enter winter. Early frost in the south of the Yangtze River is coming one after another this month. There is a strong cold current in the north, and low-temperature frost occurs. At the end of this month, we should make preparations for cold prevention in winter, and we should pay attention to watch the weather forecast and take protective measures in time to avoid frost damage.

(2) clean the orchid room, disinfect and sterilize, and actively prevent orchid diseases and insect pests. The temperature dropped obviously in winter, and the vegetative growth of orchids came to an end and turned to the stage of reproductive growth. After the Beginning of Winter, before the temperature drops to zero, we should choose sunny weather to carry out a thorough sanitary cleaning of the orchid room, remove all kinds of dirt and debris in the orchid room, and ensure that there is no sanitary dead corner. and carry out a comprehensive sterilization of the orchid room and orchid plants, in order to minimize or put an end to the occurrence of various diseases and insect pests, so that we will get twice the result with half the effort.

(3) fully illuminate and experience orchid grass to accumulate energy for orchid blossom and germination in the coming year. Winter is the season of reproductive growth of national orchid, flower buds grow slowly, new buds are also pregnant, and full light is particularly important. The sun is soft in winter, whether it is orchid cultivation on the balcony, courtyard or special orchid room, shading facilities should be removed in time, and rest assured that orchids should be fully bathed in the sun, so as to accumulate the energy needed for orchids to bloom and sprout in the coming year. If the orchid places are lack of sunshine in winter, they should also supplement light for orchids through biological growth regulation lights, otherwise they will directly affect the flowering and germination of orchids.

(4) those who have not yet finished the pot-turning work should be completed in the first and middle of this month, which is beneficial to the recovery of bluegrass in order to sprout early and sprout in the coming year.

December

(1) antifreezing should be put in the first place. This month, there are two seasons of heavy snow (July or 8th) and the Winter Solstice (22nd or 23rd). The monthly average temperature in China is below zero except in the tropics and subtropics. Close the window when the weather is cold, the temperature had better be controlled at about 5 °at night, not less than 0 °during the day, and about 10 °during the day. If the temperature in the orchid room is below zero, heating measures should be taken. It is best to use water radiator heating with electric heater or air conditioning heating, but must not use coal stove heating in the orchid room to prevent orchid seedling poisoning.

(2) full light and pay attention to ventilation. You can rest assured that the orchid can receive sufficient light this month, but you should pay attention to the ventilation of the orchid room. Although the temperature of raising orchids in winter is not high in the morning and evening, the temperature in the enclosed orchid room can sometimes reach about 20 degrees in sunny weather. If the ventilation is not good, Lanhui suffers from steaming heat, and the leaves are prone to spots. Once infected, it will often relapse in the coming year, affecting the growth of Lanhui. Therefore, if the temperature exceeds 10 degrees in sunny winter, windows must be opened properly for ventilation, especially between 11:00 and 3 p.m., so as to prevent Lan Hui from being harmed by steaming heat.

(3) full vernalization. For Cymbidium, Cymbidium, lotus petal orchid and spring sword, it is best to put them on the north balcony in winter or fully vernalize them for more than one month through temperature control measures. the temperature generally can not exceed 10 degrees in the daytime, and the temperature is not lower than zero in the morning and evening; otherwise, if the temperature is too high, it is not conducive to blossom and flowers in place in the coming year.

(4) watering carefully to prevent rotting roots. When the temperature is low in winter, the water evaporation is slow, the water absorption capacity of Langen is relatively weak, and watering should be less. Watering orchids in winter should be watered when the air temperature rises at noon, so that the water temperature is similar to the basin soil temperature, and the diseases caused by the excessive difference between the water temperature and the basin soil temperature can be avoided. If the traditional method is used to raise orchids, it is appropriate to water along the edge of the basin so that the soil can be slowly moisturized and more conducive to the water absorption of the orchid root. If the bottom of the basin is covered with bricks, the orchid can also be soaked under the bricks in time to facilitate the upwelling of moisture and keep the soil slightly tidal. The effect is good.

(5) fertilization is strictly prohibited. For orchids hibernating this month, it is strictly forbidden to apply any fertilizer to the root. You can choose to apply foliar fertilizer twice on a sunny day, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, which is beneficial to improve the cold resistance of orchid grass and the growth of bluegrass.

(6) to sum up experience and improve the level of orchid cultivation. Combined with the growth status of bluegrass in the past year, we should sum up the successful experience, find out the lessons of success or failure, and constantly improve the level of orchid cultivation.