Causes and Control measures of physiological Diseases of Edible Fungi

In the process of cultivation of edible fungi, edible fungi not only can not grow and develop normally by pathogens, but also encounter the influence of some adverse environmental factors, resulting in physiological obstacles of growth and development, resulting in a variety of abnormal phenomena, resulting in the reduction of yield and quality, that is, the so-called physiological diseases, such as excessive growth of hyphae, deformed mushrooms, hard opening umbrellas, dead mushrooms and so on.

1. Mycelia grow excessively

Mushroom, Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus and other cultivation all occur. Under the condition of excessive humidity and poor ventilation in the mushroom room (or mushroom bed), the hyphae grew too vigorously on the covered soil surface or culture material surface, forming a dense impervious quilt, which delayed or sparse mushroom production, resulting in a reduction in yield. The overgrowth of hyphae is not only related to the above-mentioned environmental conditions, but also to the strains. In the process of separation of the original species, the aerial hyphae were picked too much, which often caused the caking phenomenon between the mother species and the cultivated species, and the hyphae grew excessively.

In the process of cultivating mushrooms, once the phenomenon of excessive growth of mycelium occurs, the ventilation of the mushroom house should be strengthened immediately, the concentration of carbon dioxide should be reduced, the surface humidity of fine soil should be reduced, and the temperature of mushroom room should be reduced appropriately to inhibit the excessive growth of mycelium and promote mushroom production. If the soil surface has been covered by bacteria, you can cut the bacterial film, and then spray heavy water, great ventilation, you can still expect to produce mushrooms.

2. Deformed mushroom

During the cultivation of mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms and other edible mushrooms, irregularly shaped fruiting bodies or undifferentiated tissue blocks often appear. For example, when cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus, cauliflower-like fruiting bodies are often integrated by numerous primordia, ranging from a few centimeters to more than 20 centimeters in diameter, with undifferentiated or rarely differentiated stalks and sterile lids. After primordium occurrence, the abnormal mushroom is composed of abnormally differentiated stalks to form a coral fruiting body, and the cap is absent or very small. Mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms often appear abnormal mushrooms such as hypertrophic stalk, thin meat cover, or high-foot mushrooms without bacterial pleats.

There are many reasons for the formation of abnormal mushrooms in edible fungi, mainly due to excessive carbon dioxide concentration, insufficient oxygen supply, or too large soil particles, low mushroom position, or lack of light, or high temperature, or improper use of drugs. Take corresponding remedial measures according to the specific situation.

3. Rose crown disease

Mainly on mushrooms. The edge of the lid of diseased mushroom accumulates, forming a fold on the upper surface of the cap, and sometimes forming a tumor on the cap with indistinguishable tubules and pleats. Rose crown disease often occurs in the earliest several tide mushrooms.

Mei Guan disease is mainly caused by chemical pollution, such as mineral oil, creosote oil, phenolic compounds, or excessive use of fungicides and pesticides.

4. Open the umbrella early with thin skin

In the mushroom peak season, due to the mushroom is too dense, the temperature is too high (above 18 degrees), it is easy to produce thin skin early umbrella phenomenon, affecting the quality of mushrooms. In cultivation, the hyphae should not be adjusted too high, and the position of mushroom should be controlled between fine soil seams and coarse and fine soil particles; preventing overdensity of mushroom production and properly lowering the temperature of mushroom room can reduce the phenomenon of thin-skinned and early umbrella opening.

5. Empty root and white heart

If the temperature of mushroom is too high (above 18 degrees), the relative humidity of mushroom house is too low, and the soil layer is dry, the mushroom stalk is easy to produce white heart. In the process of cutting or the stage of soaking in water, sometimes the white heart part shrinks or falls off, forming a hollow mushroom with a stalk, which seriously affects the yield and quality of mushrooms.

In order to prevent the production of hollow-root hollow mushrooms, ventilation can be done at night or in the morning and evening, properly reduce the temperature of the mushroom room, and spray water into the room space to improve the relative humidity of the air. Water spraying strives to combine weight and weight to keep both coarse and fine soil moist as far as possible.

6. Open the umbrella hard

When the temperature is lower than 18 degrees and the temperature difference is about 10 degrees, the young fruiting bodies of mushrooms often open their umbrellas early (hard opening). In the case of sudden cooling and low air humidity in the mushroom room, the phenomenon of hard umbrella opening of mushrooms is especially serious, which seriously affects the yield and quality of mushrooms. Before the low temperature comes, do a good job of heat preservation in the mushroom room; reduce the indoor temperature difference and increase the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom room, which can prevent or reduce the mushroom hard opening umbrella.

7. Water rust spot

It's more common in mushrooms. The mushroom room is poorly ventilated, and when the air relative humidity exceeds 95%, there is often stagnant water on the mushroom cover or rust spots on the covered soil, which will produce rust spots on the surface of the mushroom cover and affect the appearance of the mushroom body. Avoid using rust-colored soil cover, strengthen ventilation and dehumidification, and evaporate the water droplets on the cover surface in time, which can prevent the occurrence of mushroom water rust spots.

8. Dead mushroom

The phenomenon of dead mushroom occurred in the cultivation of many kinds of edible mushrooms, such as mushroom, mushroom, straw mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes and so on. Especially during the period of mushroom emergence of the first two tide mushrooms, a large number of small mushrooms often died, which seriously affected the early yield. The reasons for the death of mushrooms are: first, the mushroom production is too dense and crowded, and the nutrition supply is insufficient; second, the mushroom room or farm is poorly ventilated, and the accumulation of carbon dioxide is excessive, resulting in the suffocation of small mushrooms; third, spraying too much water during mushroom production and spraying water directly on the mushroom body, resulting in edema and yellowing of the mushroom body, festering and death; fourth, excessive drug use, resulting in drug damage and injury to the mushroom.