Discussion on planting mode of artificial edible fungi under forest and explanation of related problems

1 selection of edible fungi under the forest

The strains of edible fungi under the forest should be selected according to the local soil conditions and weather factors. If it is not possible to determine the suitable strains for specific experiments by means of trial planting in a small area, and at the same time, without affecting the original forest landform, to carry out related fungus cultivation, we should pay attention to the harmony with other crops or existing plants in the planting process.

2 selection and treatment of woodland

Fungi belong to plants with poor resistance, so it is necessary to choose areas with cleaner water sources and soil when planting. If natural water sources can not meet the needs of fungus growth, irrigation can be carried out by means of external underground water sources or tap water. For the land that has never been planted with fungi, it is necessary to do a good job of excavation before putting it into use. The specific operation is as follows: first, dig the drainage ditch and field bed specially for the cultivation of fungi, and thoroughly clean the field bed. After the completion of the construction, it is necessary to air for a few days and then put into use, at the same time, it needs to sprinkle a certain amount of quicklime for disinfection before planting. After disinfection, the weeds around the field bed are removed to ensure that fungi can get enough nutrients. The humus layer soil was laid in the field bed and fertilized, and the raw materials for fertilization were mostly fermented excreta.

3 cultivation model of edible fungi under the forest

3.1 Open Field cultivation in Forest

Open-field cultivation in the forest refers to the use of the space between trees on the basis of the original woodland and the cultivation of fungi on the basis of ensuring that the original ecological structure is not destroyed. for example, Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes, Tremella fuciformis and so on are planted in this method. In order to prevent pollution in the planting process, planting can be carried out after the surface is covered with a film, or by building a greenhouse.

3.2 soil covering cultivation under the forest

The most commonly used method of fungus planting in our country is the cultivation of covered soil under the forest. to put it simply, it is a kind of planting method to make the fungus seeds grow naturally by wrapping the fungus seeds under the soil. for example, ash tree mushroom, mushroom and so on are planted in this method. In planting, it is required to maintain an appropriate distance between the fungus seeds, so as to ensure their normal growth and development. Watering needs to be carried out after the sowing task is completed. similarly, in order to better control the change of humidity and temperature, a greenhouse or plastic film can be built on the soil.

3.3 sowing and cultivation under the forest

Sowing and cultivation under the forest has a large demand for soil area, so it is necessary for farmers to open up a special soil bed and spread the seeds directly on the field bed for planting. For example, Morchella is planted in this method. Sowing and cultivation under the forest should select raw or fermented materials for specific sowing according to the local climate, humidity, temperature and other objective factors. After sowing, a certain thickness of soil should be laid in the field bed to simulate the original growth environment of fungi.

3.4 hanging bag cultivation in forest

Hanging bag cultivation in the forest is relatively difficult, mainly using the distance between trees to tie a knot with nylon rope, putting the bacteria in a small bag and planting in a three-dimensional space. For example, fungus and other varieties of fungus are planted in this method.

(4) key techniques of edible fungi under forest.

4.1 implement scientific management

When any undesirable strains are found in the process of planting, they should be eradicated as soon as possible so as not to affect the normal growth of other fungi; it is necessary to dynamically observe the feeding of fungi and control the amount of fertilization according to the residual amount of chemical fertilizer; the growth environment of fungi is observed by thermometer, and when the temperature exceeds 28 ℃, the greenhouse should be opened in time for ventilation and cooling treatment, and the amount of watering should be appropriately increased. After the fungus is fully grown, the original heating device should be completely removed and the amount of water should be further increased, and it can be picked and harvested after a few days.

4.2 strengthen pest control

Pest control is an important measure to ensure the healthy growth of fungi, so it is necessary to do a good job in sanitary treatment to cut off the environment suitable for the growth of pests, and at the same time, lime can be sprayed around the field bed for sterilization and disinfection. certain pest trapping devices can also be installed to reduce the number of pests, and insecticides allowed by the state should be used in the use of pesticides.